跟郭老师学初中英语语法：形容词和副词
在历年的河北中考中，形容词和副词是必考的知识点。从命题内容来看，涉及它们在句中的位置和作用、比较等级及易混形容词和副词的辨析等。从命题形式来看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等，分值通常在5～7分之间。预计2016年，对形容词和副词的句法功能、比较等级的用法及易混形容词和副词辨析的考查是重中之重。
2011—2015年河北中考试题分析表(形容词和副词)
年份 题号 题型 分值 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 31，34，51，54，83 31，33，42，49， 51，52，83 31，42，47，52，82 31，41，47，51，54，83 30，33，41，77，78，83 单项选择，完形填空，词语运用 单项选择，完形填空，词语运用 单项选择，完形填空，词语运用 单项选择，完形填空，词语运用 单项选择，完形填空， 词语运用，连词成句 5 7 5 6 6
形容词是用来修饰名词或不定代词，说明事物和人的性质和特征的一类词，在句子中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语；而副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，在句子中作状语、表语、补语和定语。英语中的形容词和副词都有等级的变化。
1. 形容词的位置
形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况中后置： 修饰some，any，every，no和body，thing，someone special，everything possible one等构成的复合不定代词时 以-able，-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级the best book available，the only solution 或only修饰的名词之后 possible alive，alike，awake，asleep等可以后置 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词 形容词短语一般后置 else修饰疑问词和不定代词时
1. 有些形容词只能作定语。如：
little (小的)，only (唯一的)，wooden (木质的)，elder (年长的)，等及复合形容词man-made (人造的)，kind-hearted (好心的)，English-speaking (说英语的)，take-away (可以带走的)等。
- 1 - 跟郭老师学初中英语语法：形容词和副词
the only person awake a bridge of 50 meters long a man difficult to get on with what else，something else 2. 有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone (孤独的)，asleep (睡着的)，awake (醒着的)，alive (活着的)，well (健康的)，ill (病的)，frightened (害怕的)等。
3. 有些形容词貌似副词。如：friendly (友好的)，lively (生动的)，lonely (孤独的)等。 4. 有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。如：
We should respect the old and love the young. 我们应该尊老爱幼。
It’s not polite to laugh at the blind or the deaf. 取笑盲人或聋人是不礼貌的。
5. enough修饰名词时既可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在形容词或副词之后。如：
We have enough time / time enough to finish the work. 我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。 He ran fast enough to catch the bus. 他跑得很快，足够赶上公共汽车了。
This hall is big enough to hold 1, 000 people. 这个大厅够大，可以容纳1000人。
6. 多个形容词作定语时，通常按“性质→大小(长短、高低、形状等)→年龄/新旧→颜色→国籍(地区、出处等)→材料”的顺序排列。如：a beautiful tall building一座漂亮而高大的建筑物；a large yellow Chinese coat一件黄色的中国式大衣
形容词的作用及位置
1. (2015河北) Mom, I’m very ______ for all your love. A. thankful B. careful C. useful D. helpful
2. (2015石家庄新华区质量检测) Mom, I’ve cooked the egg. What ______ can I do for you? A. other B. another C. thing D. else 3. (2015石家庄裕华区模拟) The hit of iPhone 6 made the fans of it ______. A. exciting B. excited C. disappointment D. disappointing
4. (2015路北区二模) She was ______ enough to get out of the building before it fell down. A. happy B. lucky C. lovely D. quickly 5. (2015沧州一模)—Why do you like Mrs. Lee?
—Because she’s ______. She is never tired of explaining something to us again and again. A. active B. beautiful C. unusual D. patient
6. (2015石家庄新华区质量检测) I love all my students. I think each of them is ______. A. early B. lucky C. lovely D. interesting 7. (2015河北模拟拔高型) David is never ______! He can’t stop talking. A. quiet B. athletic C. outgoing D. smart
8. (2015石43中模拟) I have made ______ new friends here that I really enjoy my school life. A. so much B. so many C. such much D. such many
2. 副词的分类
时间副词 地点副词 方式副词 程度副词 soon，now，early，finally，once，recently here，nearby，outside，upwards，above hard，well，fast， slowly，excitedly，really almost，nearly，very，fairly，quite，rather 频度副词 疑问副词 连接副词 关系副词 usually，always，often，hardly，seldom，never how，where，when，why how，when，where，why，whether，however when，where，why - 2 - 跟郭老师学初中英语语法：形容词和副词
注意：
地点副词、时间副词和方式副词放在句尾，它们同时出现时的顺序是：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如：
The students are doing the experiments carefully in the lab now. 同学们现在正在实验室里认真地做实验。
Many people take exercise happily on the square every morning. 很多人每天早晨在广场上高兴地进行锻炼。
副词的作用及位置
9. (2015河北) The movie covers all of Chinese history. It is ______ worth seeing again. A. mainly B. really C. possibly D. hardly 10. (2015石家庄裕华区模拟) Mr. Li is a kind teacher，but he treated us ______. A. politely B. friendly C. strictly D. lively
11. (2015石家庄长安区一模) Tony, pass my glasses to me please. I can ______ see your friends clearly. A. really B. actually C. hardly D. nearly
12. (2015唐山路北区二模) I will remember Mr. Li forever because he always takes time to
explain things to me ______. A. clearly B. hardly C. strongly D. quickly
13. (2015沧州一模) —Li Li has improved her English a lot since she joined the English club. —How ______ she chose to join it at first! A. quickly B. suddenly C. simply D. wisely
14. (2015预测卷五) Frank is playing his iPhone ______, but his father looks angry. A. happy B. happily C. sad D. sadly
15. (2015邯郸一模) Look, your clothes are wet through. It must be raining ______. A. loudly B. hardly C. heavily D. clearly
16. (2015石家庄18县联考) —Mr. Smith, would you please speak a little ______? —Sorry! I thought you could follow me. A. quietly B. politely C. seriously D. slowly 17. (2014河北一模) In the south，people live ______ on rice. A. most B. mostly C. almost D. more
3. 规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
构成方法 一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est。 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r，-st。 以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加-er，-est。 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加-er，-est。 原级 small fast nice fine early happy red big thin 比较级 smaller faster nicer finer earlier happier redder bigger thinner 最高级 smallest fastest nicest finest earliest happiest reddest biggest thinnest - 3 - 跟郭老师学初中英语语法：形容词和副词 部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，most。
interesting important more interesting more important most interesting most important 1. 使用比较级时，在对比中应该是同类进行对比。如： “我的英语不如你的好”应译成“My English is not as / so good as yours.”，而不能译成“My English is not as good as you.”。因为此句中比较的对象是English，而不是you，所以要把you改成yours (＝your English)。
2. 使用比较级时，切忌一方包含另一方，从而造成自身与自身的比较。如： “她比她班上任何同学学习都努力”应译成“She studies harder than any other student in her class.”，而不能译成“She studies harder than any student in her class.”。any student in her class包括she，使用了other才能将其排除。
18. (2015保定一模) Many people prefer to shop on the Internet. It’s ______. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. less cheap 19. (2015邯郸一模) Look! Our hometown is ______ now than it used to be.
A. quite beautiful B. the most beautiful C. very beautiful D. much more beautiful 20. (2015邯郸二模) Lucy’s handwriting is ______ in our class. We must learn from her. A. beautifully B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful 21. (2015石家庄质量检测) I can’t afford this expensive coat. Can you show me a _____ one? A. cheaper B. higher C. lower D. dearer 22. (2015唐山路北区二模) —Have you ever seen the film? —Sure. It’s one of ______ films I have ever seen. A. the most wonderful B. wonderful C. much wonderful D. the more wonderful 23. (2015河北模拟夺冠型) —How did you lose the soccer match? —We had ______ players. They had eleven while we had only ten. A. fewer B. less C. more D. better 24. (2014河北) Water is the cheapest drink. And it’s also ______. A. healthier B. healthiest C. the healthier D. the healthiest 25. (2014张家口一模) The train has just left. We should get here 10 minutes ______. A. earlier B. the earliest C. the earlier D. early
4. 不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
原级 Good / well Bad / ill / badly little Many / much far old 比较级 better worse less more farther / further older / elder 最高级 best worst least most Farthest / furthest oldest / eldest - 4 - 跟郭老师学初中英语语法：形容词和副词
