第一单元
Text B、Little Sister of the Poor By Kenneth L. Woodward
1.With a will of iron and a heart of love, Mother Teresa served the dying and desperate in India and around the world.凭着钢铁般的意志和一颗爱心，德肋撒嬷嬷为印度和全世界垂死和绝望的人们鞠躬尽瘁。
2.When she died last week in Calcutta — just days after her 87th birthday — she was known the world over as Mother Teresa. Thin and bent, she had been hospitalized with numerous illnesses over the last two years. That night, after finishing dinner and her prayers, Mother Teresa
complained of a pain in her back. “I cannot breathe,” she told a doctor summoned to her side. Moments later, she died. Shortly after, her nuns tolled a huge metal bell and some 4,000 people gathered in the rain outside — among them many of the street people she had served for so long. Inside, Mother Teresa's body was washed, dressed and laid on a bed of ice. One by one the nuns filed past, touching her bare feet in a traditional Indian gesture of respect.当她上周在加尔各答去世时---刚刚过了87岁生日没有几天---她被全世界的人们称为德肋撒嬷嬷。在过去两年里，瘦削而背驼的她因多种疾病而一直住在医院里。那天晚上，吃过晚饭，作完祈祷之后，她诉说她的背痛。“我无法呼吸。”她告诉被叫到她身边来的一位医生。过了不一会儿，她就去世了。之后不久，她的修女们敲响了一只巨大的金属钟，外面，约有4,000人聚集在雨中---其中有许多她曾长期救助过的街头流浪者。病房内，德肋撒嬷嬷的遗体被洗净，穿好衣服，被安置在一张冰床上。修女们排着队一个接一个地走过去触摸她赤裸的脚，这是印度一种传统的表示敬意的动作。
3.Widely regarded as a living saint, Mother Teresa was perhaps the most admired woman in the world. When she appeared at the side of John Paul II, it was the pope who stood in the tiny nun's shadow. Although she was a Roman Catholic, her simplicity and true concern for the dying, the abandoned and the outcast transcended the boundaries of religion and nationality. “By blood and origin I am Albanian,” she once said of herself. “My citizenship is Indian. I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world.”被众人尊为活圣人的德肋撒嬷嬷也许是世界上最受人崇敬的女性。当她出现在约翰?保罗二世的身边时，是教皇站在了这位瘦小的修女的阴影之中。虽然她是一名罗马天主教徒，但她的简朴和对垂死者、被遗弃者、流浪者的真切关怀却超越了宗教和国籍的界限。“从血统和原籍讲，我是阿尔巴尼亚人，”她曾这样谈到自己，“我的公民身份是印度人。我是一名天主教修女。就我的神职而言，我属于全世界。”
4.When Sister Teresa first came to India, she taught slum children in Calcutta whose parents were too poor to send them to school. The children called her Mother Teresa, and that is who she
became. One day, as she later recalled, she found a woman “half eaten by rats” lying in the street. She sat with her, stroking her head, until the woman died. With that experience a new vocation — and a new religious order — was born. She decided that her goal would be to minister to the
“unwanted, unloved and uncared for” who filled the streets and slums of her adopted city. And to that end, she gathered a small group of nuns around her.当德肋撒修女第一次来到印度时，她教加尔各答贫民窟里的孩子们读书，那些孩子的父母因为太穷而无法送他们上学。孩子们叫她德肋撒嬷嬷，而她也的确成了妈妈。一天，她日后回忆道，她发现有一个“几乎被老鼠吃掉的”女人躺在街上。她坐到她身边，轻抚着她的头，直到那女人死去。随着这番经历，一个新的使命---也是一个新的宗教团体---诞生了。她认定她的目标将是照料那些在她所移居的城市街头与贫民窟中比比皆是的“没人要、没人爱也没人照顾的”人们。为了这个目标，她在自己周围聚集了一小批修女。
5.Mother Teresa's first clinic was in an old hostel that had once served pilgrims to the temple of Kali, the Hindu goddess of death. She and her nuns converted it into a shelter where the desperate people they found abandoned on the streets of Calcutta could die in peace. 德肋撒嬷嬷的第一家
看护所开在一家曾为前来朝圣印度教的死亡女神卡莉神殿的人们提供食宿的旧招待所里。她和她的修女们将它改建成一个收容所。在那儿，那些被他们发现遗弃在加尔各答街头的身处绝境的人们得以平静地死去。
6.The clinic's neighbors objected to the moans and smells, and they complained to the civil
authorities. But when a police commissioner arrived to close down the clinic, he was so stunned by the horror and misery that he said he would stop Mother Teresa only when the neighbors persuaded their wives and sisters to take over the work the nuns had started. None came forward.看护所的邻居们很讨厌那些呻吟声和臭味，他们向政府当局提出了抗议。但是，当一名警察局长赶来关闭看护所时，那恐怖凄惨的景象使他深感震惊，他说只有当邻居们说服他们的妻子和姐妹来接管修女们发起的工作时，他才会阻止德肋撒嬷嬷。没有人站出来。 7.Building shelters for the dying was Mother Teresa's signature service. Poverty was her chosen way of life. When Pope Paul VI gave her an expensive car that he had used during a visit to Calcutta in 1964, she sold it — without ever stepping inside — and used the money to build a clinic in West Bengal.为临终的人们建立收容所是德肋撒嬷嬷的标志性贡献。 贫穷是她选择的生活方式。 当教皇保罗六世把他在1964年访问加尔各答期间用过的一辆昂贵的汽车送给她时， 她未曾跨入车内就把它卖了， 用这笔钱在西孟加拉邦建立了一个看护所。 8.Today, Mother Teresa's order numbers more than 4,500 nuns, with 550 centers in 126 countries. Their range of concerns has also expanded to include AIDS patients, drug addicts and victims of domestic violence. Led by Mother Teresa, the sisters have fed the hungry in Ethiopia, treated radiation victims at Chernobyl and helped families made homeless by an earthquake in America. 今天，德肋撒嬷嬷的修道会已有4 500多名修女和遍布126个国家的550个中心。他们所关注的范围也已经扩展到收容爱滋病患者、吸毒成瘾者和家庭暴力的受害者。在德肋撒嬷嬷的领导下，修女们曾为埃塞俄比亚的饥民提供食品，为切尔诺贝利的辐射受害者治病，并向美国一次地震后无家可归的家庭提供援助。
9.None of this was achieved through prayer alone. Mother Teresa possessed iron resolve and her tireless efforts to gain support for her clinics proved nearly irresistible. Church authorities and civil authorities gave way to her arguments; chiefs of state who wanted to be identified with her work paid her visits and even begged her to establish clinics in their countries. She accepted
celebrity as the price of expanding her missionary outreach. 这中间， 没有一件事是仅仅通过祈祷完成的。德肋撒嬷嬷有着铁一般坚强的决心， 她为赢得人们对其看护所的支持所作的不懈努力几乎令人无法抗拒。教会当局和政府当局屈服于她的论辩； 想要参与其工作的国家元首们拜访她甚至恳请她在他们的国家设立看护所。她接受名望只是以此为代价来扩大其神职活动的范围。
10.As her fame grew, so did her honors. Among the most significant were the Bharat Ratna, or Jewel of India — that country's highest civilian award — and the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. At her request, the Nobel committee skipped the usual lavish dinner for the prizewinner, and gave the money to the poor. 随着她的声名远扬，她的荣誉也与日俱增。其中最重要的是“莲花主”勋章或称“印度的宝石”奖---该国最高的平民奖---以及1979年的诺贝尔和平奖。应她的要求，诺贝尔委员会取消了通常为获奖者举行的盛大宴会，把钱捐给了穷人们。
11.But Mother Teresa also had her critics. Advocates of women's rights protested her steady fight against both abortion and birth control. There were medical authorities who said her work let governments ignore their responsibilities toward the poorest members of society. Even the Catholic Church was sometimes uneasy about her independent ways. But to the millions of
Indians who called her Mother, and to the millions more who deeply admired her countless acts of mercy, Mother Teresa lit a path to saintliness and invited others to follow it. 但是也有人批评德肋撒嬷嬷。 妇女权利的倡导者们对于她坚决反对堕胎和节育提出了抗议。有些医学权威说她的工作使一些国家的政府忽视了它们对社会最贫穷成员应尽的责任。连天主教会有时也对她独立的行事方式感到不安。但是对于千百万称她为妈妈的印度人来说， 对于千百万深
深崇敬她的无数善行的人们来说，德肋撒嬷嬷点亮了一条通往圣洁的道路，并邀请他人跟随。
第二单元 Text A、Why They Excel
Text B、Methods of Education: East and West
1.A teacher from Canada recently visited an elementary school in Japan. In one class, she watched sixty young children as they learned to draw a cat. The class teacher drew a big circle on the blackboard, and sixty children copied it on their papers. The teacher drew a smaller circle on top of the first and then put two triangles on top of it; the children continued their cats in exactly the same way. The lesson continued until there were sixty-one identical cats in the classroom. 一位来自加拿大的老师最近参观了一所日本的小学。 在一堂课上， 她观看了60个小孩子在学习画猫。 任课老师在黑板上画了一个大圆圈，60个孩子就模仿着画在纸上。老师在第一个圆圈上面画了一个小些的圆圈，然后又在小圆圈上面画了两个三角形；孩子们也以完全相同的方式继续画着他们的猫。这堂课就这么继续着，直到教室里有了61只一模一样的猫。 2.The Canadian teacher was startled by the lesson. The teaching methods — and their effects — were very different from those in her own country. An art lesson in a Canadian school would lead to a room full of unique pictures, not a series of identical cats. Why? What causes this difference in educational methods? 这节课让那位加拿大老师大为吃惊。 这类教学方法--以及它们的效果--同她自己国家的迥然不同。 加拿大学校里的一节美术课会产生满满一屋子独一无二的图画，而不是一张又一张完全相同的猫。 为什么呢? 是什么造成了这种教学方法上的不同呢?
3.In any classroom in any country, the instructor teaches more than just art or history or language. Part of what's going on — consciously or not — is the teaching of culture: the attitudes, values and beliefs of the society. Every education system is inevitably a mirror that reflects the culture of the society it is a part of.在任何国家的任何一个教室里，老师教的都不仅仅是艺术、历史或语言。课堂活动的一部分--有意识或无意识地--是在传授文化：社会的观念、价值观和信仰。每一种教育制度都不可避免地是一面反映其所在社会的文化的镜子。
4.In many Western societies, such as the United States or Canada, which are made up of many different nationalities, religious groups and cultural orientations, individualism and independent thinking are highly valued. And these values are reflected by the education systems in these countries. Teachers emphasize the qualities that make each student special. Students are seldom expected to memorize information; instead, they are encouraged to think for themselves, find answers on their own and come up with individual solutions. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions, and to express their ideas in class discussion. 在像美国或加拿大这样由许多不同的民族、宗教团体和文化取向构成的西方社会中，个性和独立思考受到高度重视。这些价值观通过这些国家的教育制度反映出来。老师们强调那些使每个学生都与众不同的品质。他们很少要求学生熟记信息；却鼓励他们独立思考，独自寻找答案，并提出各自的解决方法。学生们从小就学着形成自己的意见和看法，并在课堂讨论中各抒己见。
5.In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share the same language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the education system there reflects a belief in group goals and traditions rather than individualism. Japanese schoolchildren often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teacher is the main source of knowledge: He or she lectures, and the students listen. There is not much discussion; instead, the students recite rules or
information that they have memorized. 在日本则截然不同，绝大多数人有着同样的语言、历史和文化。也许是由于这个缘故，那儿的教育制度反映了一种对集体目标和传统而不是对个性的信念。日本的学童经常在一起学习，做作业时相互帮助。在教室里，教师是主要的知识来源：教师讲，学生听。没有很多的讨论；学生们却要背诵他们已经记住的规则或信息。
6.The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students there learn the social skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that they learn much more math and science than most American students. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than their North American counterparts do. The system is demanding, but it prepares children for a society that values discipline and self-control. There are, however, disadvantages. For one thing, many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information they memorized. For another, the extremely demanding system puts enormous psychological pressure on students, and is
considered a primary factor in the high suicide rate among Japanese school-age children. 日本教育制度的优点是那儿的学生能学到合作的社交技能。 另一个优点是他们学的数学和自然科学比大多数美国学生多得多。 他们每天学习的时数和每年学习的天数也比北美的学生多。这种制度要求高，但它却使孩子们能为进入一个重视纪律和自制的社会作好准备。然而，它也有缺点。首先，很多学生说考试之后，他们就会忘记许多曾经记熟的信息。其次，这个要求极高的制度给学生们带来巨大的心理压力，并被认为是日本学龄儿童自杀率高的一个主要因素。
7.The advantage of the education system in North America, on the other
hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. They learn to take the initiative—to make decisions and take action without someone telling them what to do. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas and individual responsibility. There are drawbacks, however. Among other things, American high school graduates haven't studied as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.
And many social critics attribute the high crime rate in the US at least partially to a lack of
discipline in the schools. 另一方面，北美教育制度的优点是，学生们学习独立思考。他们学习采取主动--做决定和采取行动都无须别人告诉他们做什么。这种制度使他们能为进入一个重视创造性的思想和个人责任的社会作好准备。不过，它也有弊端：除了别的以外，美国高中毕业生学的基本规则和事实就不如其他国家的学生学的多。而许多社会评论家认为美国的高犯罪率至少部分地应归咎于学校的纪律涣散。 第三单元
Text B、A Multicultural Person
1.A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime. 多元文化人是这样一种人，他深信所有的文化都同样好，乐于学习世界上丰富多采的各种文化，而且很可能已经在其一生中接触过不止一种文化。
2.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a critical difference.你无法激发任何人，尤其是另一种文化的人，直到那个人已经接受了你。一个能说多种语言的推销员能用别的语言说明一种产品的优点， 但一个谙熟多种文化的推销员却能激发外国人去购买这种产品。这是一个关键性的区别。
3.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant about their own culture. Customers are turned off by monocultural salespeople. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it. And even those who are aware of it can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, effectively blocking any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them. 没有人喜欢那些以自己的文化傲慢自大的外国人。 只懂得一种文化的推销员会使顾客兴味索然。问题是，大多数人只懂得一种文化却很傲慢，而自己还没有意识到这一点。即使那些意识到的人也无法掩饰它。外国人马上就察觉到那
