高中英语（人教版）Book4 Unit3 A Taste of English Humour
Grammar: V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语 ★学习目标
1.知识目标：掌握V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法。 2.技能目标：在专项练习中灵活运用所学规则。
3.情感目标：通过学习V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法，
让学生丰富句子内容，提高学生学习英语的兴趣。
★重点和难点
1. 重点：V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法； 2. 难点：在做题中能够区分V-ing, done 和 to do .
V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语 ※ V-ing形式的构成 具体形式如下： 语态 时态 一般式 完成式 (发生在谓语动作之前) 主动 doing (表主动) 被动 being done (表正在被…或被动) having done having been done 一、V-ing形式作定语 1. 单个v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的 前面。 ①表示被修饰名词的用途或功能
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖 a reading room 阅览室 a washing machine 洗衣机 游泳池 a swimming pool ②表示正在进行的动作
a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡觉的孩子 正在升起的太阳 a rising sun
2. V-ing短语作定语须位于被修饰的名词 后面。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor. 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 汉译英: 正与老师谈话的人是我的叔叔。
The man speaking to the teacher is my uncle. 3. 注意：现在分词，过去分词和不定式做定语的区别是：现在分词表正在主动或进行意义；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示将要发生的动作。
汉译英：
（1）正在打篮球的男孩儿是汤姆.
The boy playing basketball is Tom. （2）用过的书 used books 一颗倒下的树 a fallen tree （3）我很多工作要做。 I have a lot of work to do. 【考例】There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn’t fall asleep. A. to shout B. shouted C. shout D. shouting
二、V-ing形式作表语
1. 当表示主语的内容时，表语与主语可调换位置。
My favorite sport is swimming. = Swimming is my favorite sport. 汉译英：我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
My job is looking after the children. 2. 当表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(V-ing 相当一个形容词）时，表语与主语不可调换位置。
这个问题很令人困惑。 The problem is quite puzzling / confusing. 3. 作表语的V-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
V-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的-ing 形式也可
带有自己的逻辑主语, 逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来承担。 （1）What worries me most is her (Julia's) staying too late every night.
我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。（staying too late every night的逻辑主语是Julia）
（2）The main problem is your not having practiced a lot.
主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。（not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是you）
三、V-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. V-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，对宾语进行解释说明，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。其中，宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主动关系。
例：When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. a stranger 是 found的宾语，standing in front of the house是宾语补足语。
2. 能用V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见的几类动词:
(1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词：(see, watch, notice, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to,
observe, find ) 等动词 + sb. / sth. + doing sth. 其中doing sth. 做宾补。 汉译英：
我们听到隔壁一个女孩在唱歌。
We heard a girl singing in the next room. 他看见孩子们在院子里玩。 He saw the children playing in the yard. (2) 使役动词（常见的有have, keep, get, leave, set, catch等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补） 汉译英：
我们让火整夜燃烧着。 We kept the fire burning all night long. 我很遗憾让你一直等着。 I’m sorry to have left you waiting. (3) see, watch, notice, hear, find 等后跟doing 与 do 的区别：
doing表示动作正在进行，而do表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。 汉译英：
你听见有人在敲门吗？ Do you hear someone knocking at the door？
你听见有人敲门了吗？ Do you hear someone knock at the door?
四、语法专练
1. Tell Mary that there’s someone A for her at the door. A. waiting A. smiling
B. waited C. waits D. to wait B. smiled C. smile
D. to smile
2. The A waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”
3. On festivals, the traffic police worked hard to keep the traffic B smoothly. A. run B. running C. to run D. being run 4. Do you know the boy D under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
5. I can hardly imagine Peter C across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 6. There are lots of places of interest D in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing
D. needing to be repaired
7. There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn’t fall asleep. A. to shout B. shouted C. shout D. shouting
8. As is known to us all, traveling is A , but we often feel ____ when we are back from travels.
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring
D. interested; tired
9. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English C as much as we can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoke D. to speak 10. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it C on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 11. John’s bad habit is D without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading 12. The next morning she found the man A in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 13. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living 14. When he awoke, he found himself C by an old woman.
A. looked after B. be looked after C. being looked after D. be looking after 15. Sitting by her side, I could feel her heart_ C__. A. beaten B. to beat C. beating D. to be beating 16. --Did you see the boys yesterday afternoon? --Yes. I saw them B the fence when I passed. A. climb B. climbing C. climbed D. to climb
17. With a lot of difficult problems C , the newly-elected president is having a hard
time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 18. What worried the boy most was A to visit his father is the hospital. A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing
C. his not been allowed D. his being not allowed
19. Peter receive a letter just now C his grandma would come to see him soon. A. to say B. says C. saying D. said 20. The A boy was last seen near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play
