或与某人交往中所存在的困难。
15 没有人能预见我们任何一个人的未来。未来的一些社会、情感、道德等方面要考虑的因素是无法预见的。但是这个往往不尽如人意的现代世界给予了我们一个最重要的教训，那就是进步来自于规划。对自己职业的无知并不是一种福气，理智比机遇和命运更重要。
Summer Job Planning
Assuming that you know what you want to do after college—and you may be considered shortsighted these days if you have not picked a career by the time you enter college—you should start thinking about a job even before you graduate.
What companies or organizations have the job you want? Let's say you majored in English or history and you want to write a great novel. You need a job to support and educate you. You have to select from a list of several possibilities, not unlike choosing an option from the 'menu on the screen of a personal computer. Your options might include:
A. Working for a publishing company B. Writing for a scientific company C. Working for a public relations firm
D. Going to graduate school to postpone decision E. None of these
If you select option A, for example, it would be a good idea to write letters while you are in college to a dozen or more publishing houses and ask for an interview with the personnel director. If you happen to have a contact such as an editor who might be willing to meet with you, so much the better
Make every effort to have an interview. You should be familiar with the company before your interview and your aim should be to express to the personnel manager your interest in working for the company. You might ask if a summer job (with pay, if possible) or an internship is available. In many cases interns do receive a small stipend; in others no pay is offered.
It is important at this stage of your life to find a summer job that will enhance your future career. If you cannot find one in your field, then the alternative is to take another type of summer job—lifeguard, housepainter, landscaper, waitress, or worker in a retail store or supermarket. These jobs tend to pay quite well, and you can save enough for many college expenses. That aspect has to be weighed against the fact that they might not help your career plans. Any summer job that requires hard work and a certain amount of
responsibility is good for your r é sum é. Naturally if the job is career-oriented, it makes better reading.
One day on the commuter train, I was sitting in front of two high school girls, and one said to the other, \think so.\and spring vacations as a waitress in a restaurant. Her tips were so good she had saved up $ 10,000. She planned to go to Rutgers University, commuting from home. If she continued working through college she figured she could graduate without debt and go to graduate school.
When I started looking for a summer job in college I found that the only organization that would hire me (except for restaurants) was Filene's, the big Boston department store that operated a summer branch on Cape Cod, where my family vacationed. During my freshman year at college I paid a visit to the Northampton, Mass. branch, a year-round operation. I asked for a job selling on Saturdays and a job the following summer. I was hired on the spot. The following summer the manager of the Northampton shop assumed management of the Cape Cod branch for the summer, and she asked me to come along as a salesgirl.
All through college I earned my expenses by working for Filene's on the Cape during the summer months and on Saturdays and sale days during the college years. I also conceived and wrote copy for the advertisements that Filene's ran in our college newspaper during the winter, and an art major did the drawings based on my ideas. By the time I was a senior I knew that I did not want to go into retailing, but it was my hedge against the future. I knew from conversations with the store manager that if I could not find a newspaper reporting job I could find a spot on the Filene's training squad, and use that step toward a writing job.
1假设你知道自己大学毕业后想干什么（现今，如果进了大学你还没选中一种职业，也许会被看成目光短浅），你早在毕业前就应该考虑找一份工作了。
2 哪些公司或机构会有你想要的工作呢? 假定你的专业是英文或历史，你想要写一部了不起的小说，那么你需要一份工作来支付生活和教育费用。你必须从一系列的可能性中进行选择，就像你从个人电脑屏幕的“菜单”中挑一个选项一样。你可能有下列选项： A.到一家出版公司工作 B.给一家科技公司当笔杆子
C.到一家公关公司工作 D.读研究生，先不做决定 E.其他
3 假如你选中A，有一个好主意，就是在大学期间就向十几家出版社写信，请求与人事主管面谈。假如你碰巧有个熟人是编辑，而他愿意见你，那样的话敢情更好。
4 要想方设法争取面试机会。在面试前你应该熟悉这家公司，而面试的目的是向人事经理表达自己在这家公司工作的兴趣。你可以打听是否能做暑期工(可能的话，要有酬劳)或实习生。在很多情况下实习生有少量薪水，但也有无报酬的情况。
5 在人生的这一阶段，找一个能促进未来事业的暑期工作很重要。如果在自己的专业领域找不到工作，那么你可以选另一类暑期工作——救生员、房屋油漆工、园林工、女招待、或者零售店或超市的工作人员。这些工作通常薪酬优厚，你可以存下足够的钱应付大学里的很多开销。但这些工作可能无助于你的择业规划，你必须在这两个方面权衡一下。
任何一个需要你付出艰苦努力以及要求有一定责任心的暑期工作，写在你的简历上都是好的。要是这份工作与将来的事业相关，你的简历看起来自然就更吸引人。
6 有一天，在上下班乘坐的火车上，我坐在两位女中学生的前面。其中一个女孩对另一个说：“我上大学不会花我父亲一分钱。至少我觉得不会。”她解释说，周末、暑假、圣诞节和春假她都在一家餐馆当服务员。她的小费很可观，她已存下了一万美元。她计划上拉特格斯大学，住在家里走读。如果她在大学期间继续打工，她估计不用借债就能毕业并上研究生院。
7 我在大学期间开始寻找暑期工作的时候，我发现除餐馆外唯一愿意雇我的单位是法林百货公司——波士顿的一家大百货公司，它在科德角开了家夏季分店，我的家人就在那儿度假。我在大学一年级时，去过马萨诸塞州北安普敦的分店，是全年营业的。我申请在周六以及接下来的暑假当售货员，当场就被录用了。那年夏天，北安普敦分店的经理负责管理科德角分店的夏季营业，她要我过去做营业员。
8 大学期间，我都为法林公司在科德角的分店工作，包括暑期、学期当中的周六和大减价时，赚取了我整个大学期间的生活支出。冬季法林公司在我校校报上刊登广告，我为其构思编写广告词，一位绘画专业的学生按我的设想配图。当我读到大四的时候，我知道自己不想从事零售业，但它是我未来谋生的应急手段。我在与商店经理的谈话中了解到，如果我找不到报刊记者的工作，我可以在法林公司培训小组得到一个职位，并以此为跳板从事写作。
Which Career Is the Right One for You?
When you are trying to plan your career, try out a variety of jobs, work in many different settings, volunteer for different tasks.
There are six basic categories of occupations. The six types of jobs, as developed by Professor John L. Holland, a psychology professor from Johns Hopkins University, are described here in some detail. Recognize that when I talk about the characteristics of people in the jobs, no one person has all of these characteristics. I am talking about trends, but they are strong trends.
Type A—Realistic Jobs
These are mainly skilled trades or technical jobs, usually involving work with tools or machines, frequently called \
People who are attracted to realistic jobs are usually robust, practical, physically strong and frequently competitive in outlook. They usually have good physical coordination, but sometimes they have trouble expressing themselves in words or in talking with others. They prefer to deal with things rather than with ideas or with people. They enjoy creating things with their hands. They have good motor coordination, but they are frequently uncomfortable in social settings, and lack verbal and interpersonal skills. They usually see themselves as mechanically and athletically inclined and are stable, natural and persistent. They prefer concrete to abstract problems. Realistic people tend to see the world in simple, tangible and traditional terms. Possessions are important to them, and they usually put their recreational money into cars, boats, motorcycles, or other machinery.
Realistic people describe themselves in interviews as \frank, genuine, normal, persistent, practical, stable, thrifty, materialistic, and shy\
In general, in realistic jobs, life is not complicated by intricate problems between people or organizations, nor by troublesome choices between conflicting philosophies.
Type B—Conventional Jobs
These are usually office jobs where people work with organizations, files and regular schedules.
Conventional occupations include bookkeeper, statistician, bank teller, secretary, financial analyst, office manager, computer operator, bank cashier and accountant. Conventional jobs usually require a fair amount of writing, but it is usually the writing of business letters and regular reports.
People who enjoy conventional jobs describe themselves as \conscientious, efficient, obedient, orderly, persistent, practical and calm\
They like life to be orderly and to go according to plan. They like to know what is expected of them, and they enjoy carrying out their assignments.
Type C—Investigative Jobs
