Enjoying Cambridge Book I
affirmation: n. [C] declaration 声明，断言
e.g. (1) She made an affirmation that she was loyal to her husband. 她声称自己对丈夫
是忠诚的。
(2) He made an affirmation that A was better than B. 他声明A优于B。 beyond: prep. at, on or to the farther side of在??的外边，远于；超出 e.g. (1) Beyond the mountains is another village. 山的那边是另一个村庄。
(2) Don’t go beyond this river. 不要越过这条河。 beyond作副词的意思是“at or to a distance 在更远处”。
e.g. They crossed France and traveled to the countries beyond. 他们穿越法国，前往更远
处的国家。
allow: vt. to let (someone) do something without opposing; to permit 允许，准许 常用搭配为allow sb. to do sth.。
e.g. (1) My parents don’t allow me to smoke. 父母不许我吸烟。
(2) Smoking is not allowed here. 此处不许吸烟。 allow作动词的另一个意思是“to provide or give 允给”，常用于allow sb. sth.的结构中。 e.g. My parents allowed me $ 50 for books. 我父母给我50美元买书。 常用词组allow for的意思为“考虑到，把??考虑进来”。
e.g. We should allow for every possible delay. 我们应该考虑到任何可能的延误。 miracle: n. [C] a wonderful unexpected event 奇迹，令人惊奇的人
e.g. (1) It is a miracle that they weren’t killed in the car accident. 他们没有在车祸中丧生
真是个奇迹。
(2) The invention of computer is a miracle. 计算机的发明是一个奇迹。 create: vt. to cause something to exist; to make 创造，创作
e.g. (1) Many people believe that God created the world. 许多人相信上帝创造了世界。
(2) The novelist created a great character in his latest work. 这个小说家在他最近的
著作中创造了一个很出色的人物。
create作动词的另一个意思是“to give rise to; to produce 引起，产生”。 e.g. His rudeness created a bad impression. 他的粗鲁给人一种恶劣的印象。
2. Period Three and Period Four:
? Step One: Review the whole text.
? Step Two: Proceed to Exercises. First, do Exercise I. 2. In doing Exercise I. 2,
group discussion in class is encouraged. The discussion and Exercises I. 1 and I. 2 will take up one period.
? Step Three: Continue with Exercises II, III, IV and V.
Continue with the rest of the exercises which are designed on three levels: the vocabulary level, the sentence level and the discourse level. In this period it is expected that Exercises II, III, IV and V can be finished.
Exercise II is relatively easy and thus suitable for those students with a relatively
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Enjoying Cambridge Book I
low level of English proficiency. Exercise III is for more advanced students. Exercise IV is focused on both the vocabulary and the sentence structure in the model passage, and Exercise V on the sentence structure only.
3. Period Five and Period Six:
? Step One: Review the whole text.
? Step Two: On the basis of the revision of the text, proceed to Exercise VI. This
exercise is a comprehensive exercise, involving both the students’ comprehension and production skills.
? Step Three: Focus on Listening and Speaking which will take up the second period.
In dealing with Listening and Speaking, direct the students to the language function of expressing one’s gratitude.
4. Period Seven and Period Eight:
? Step One: Proceed to Focus 2, practical reading.
After the students have finished reading, do Exercise I to check their understanding of the text. Then go over language points for further understanding and after that do Exercise II. Step one may need 60 minutes. Language points:
1.Crying is a “weakness” characteristic of the female and no American male wants to be identified with anything in the least weak or womanly. 哭是女性的“软弱”特征，没有哪个美国男人愿意和软弱或娘娘腔沾边，哪怕一点点也不愿意。
identify: to cause or consider (someone) to be connected with (something) 认为??等同于；认出，鉴定
e.g. (1) Crying is often identified with weakness. 哭泣经常被等同于脆弱。
(2) She has identified the person who attacked the old woman. 她已经认出袭击那位
老妇人的人。
be identified with: to be closely connected with sb./sth.; to support sb./sth. 与??有密切联系，支持
e.g. He is closely identified with the new political party. 他和新政党有密切关系。 in the least: (usu. in negative) at all 一点，丝毫，极少 一般用于否定句，用来强调否定语气。
e.g. (1) He is not in the least worried. 他一点儿也不担心。
(2) He was not in the least surprised. 他一点也不吃惊。
2. Crying, in our culture, is identified with childishness, with weakness and dependence. 在我们的文化中，哭等同于幼稚、软弱和不能自立。
is identified with: 在本句中，该词组可理解为“considered equal to 认为??等同于??”更为妥当。
e.g. Don’t identify opinions with facts. 不要把意见等同于事实。
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Enjoying Cambridge Book I
3. No one likes a crybaby, and we disapprove of crying even in children, discouraging it in them as early as possible. 没人喜欢爱哭鼻子的人，即使是孩子，我们也不赞成他们哭，而是尽早地鼓励他们不要哭。
disapprove: vi./vt. (of) to have an unfavorable opinion 不赞成，不同意
该词为approve的反义词，在approve前加否定前缀dis-构成。既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。作不及物动词时，后面需跟介词of，然后才能接宾语。 e.g. (1) He disapproves of women smoking. 他反对女人吸烟。
(2) They disapproved strongly of my proposal. 他们强烈反对我的建议。 discourage: vt. to take away courage and spirit from 使泄气，使灰心 该词由courage 加否定前缀dis-构成。
e.g. (1) Don’t let one failure discourage you. 不要因为一次失败就泄气。
(2) It discouraged me that I failed again in the French exam. 法语考试又一次不及格，我感到十分灰心。
4. In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours... 在我们这样一个热衷于追求快乐的国家里??
devoted: a. showing great fondness or loyalty; caring a great deal 挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的
e.g. (1) He is devoted to music. 他热爱音乐。
(2) He is devoted to helping others. 他热衷于帮助别人。 devoted 派生自动词devote。该动词常用于词组 devote…to，意思是“to give all or a large part of time or resource to将??奉献（给），把??专用于”。
e.g. We shouldn’t devote any more time to this question. 在这个问题上我们不该再多花
时间了。
5. Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which it is permissible for a child to cry. 在允许孩子哭的场合，成年人必须学会不哭。
in which it is permissible for a child to cry: 本句为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。 注意：介词后面的关系代词要用which。
6. Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex, it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations. 女性由于是“比较软弱”和“依赖性强”的性别，在某些动情的场合哭泣是很自然的事。
Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex: 为主语+分词短语表示原因的独立成分。该句可以理解为：Because women are the “weaker” and “dependent” sex。在书面语中，如果分词的主语不同于句子的主语，可以在分词短语前面另加一个逻辑主语。 e.g. John having run a red light, the police arrested him. 约翰由于闯红灯被警察逮捕了。 dependent: a. needing sb./sth. in order to survive or be successful 依靠的，依赖的 e.g. (1) I can’t be dependent on my parents all my life. 我不可能一辈子靠父母生活。
(2) They have a dependent child. 他们有一个还未自立的孩子。
7. So goes the American credo with regard to crying. 这就是美国人对于哭的信条。 副词so代替前面的内容，即In women, crying is excusable. But in men, crying is a mark of
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Enjoying Cambridge Book I
weakness. 此外，so放在句首使整个句子倒装。
8. “A little man,” we impress on our male children, “never cries...” 我们让男孩们牢记：“小男子汉从来不哭??”
impress: vt. to make the importance (of sth.) clear to (sb.) 给??深刻的印象，使铭记；印，压印
impress常用的结构有：impress sth. on sb.，impress sb. with sth.。
e.g. (1) My father impressed on me the value of hard work. 我父亲让我牢记努力工作的
重要性。
(2) The village impressed me with its beauty. 这个村庄的美给我留下了深刻的印象。 (3) His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的话深深印刻在我的心头。 10. It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some biological clock within
them that causes them to run down in that capacity as they grow older, but that they are trained not to cry. 美国男人不会哭，并不是因为随着年龄的增长，体内的某个生物钟使他们逐渐丧失了哭的能力，而是因为他们被训练得不会哭了。 run down: to gradually stop working, decline （使）停止运转，（使）衰退；减少；撞倒
e.g. (1) The battery has run down; it needs recharging. 电池快要用光了，需要重新充电。
(2) The company is running down its sales force. 公司正在削减销售人员。
11. Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry. 就这样美国男人被
训练得不会哭了。 thus: 放在句首时，本句成为倒装句，用助动词do放在主语we前表示主谓语序倒装。 12. The human species is the only one in the whole living nature that cries tears. 人是整个
生物界中唯一会流泪哭泣的物种。
that cries tears:是定语从句，修饰one。当先行词的前面有only时，定语从句不可以用which引导，而必须用that引导。
e.g. Football is the only game that I enjoy. 足球是我唯一喜欢的运动。
? Step Two: Writing a Thank-you Letter. This can be assigned as homework after
explaining the basic elements of writing a thank-you letter. Reference answer: Dear Xiao Ming,
I’m now back to Shanghai. In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for the wonderful vacation I spent with you in Hangzhou.
Hangzhou is such a beautiful city. We visited so many pretty places and among them I was particularly impressed by the lovely scenery by the West Lake.
I do hope one day you can pay a visit to Shanghai so that I can have an opportunity to pay back your friendship.
Thank you again and keep in touch.
Yours sincerely,
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Enjoying Cambridge Book I
Li Jun
? Step Three: Grammar Review. Steps Two and Three need about 30 minutes.
I. 动词（Verb）动词是表示动作或状态的词，根据其在句子中的功能分为及物动词（transitive verbs）、不及物动词（intransitive verbs）和连系动词（linking verbs）。另外，根据词义和其在谓语中的作用分为实义动词（notional verbs）、助动词（auxiliary verbs）和情态动词（modal verbs）。
II. 形容词和副词的比较级/最高级（The Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjective / Adverb）形容词和副词的比较等级有原级、比较级和最高级。原级就是形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的变化形式见表格。 Steps Two and Three need about 30 minute.
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