questions about assimilation, about how to ensure chat people, once outsiders, don't forever remain marginalized within these shores.
That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right. 1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?
A) They were of inferior races. B) They were a source of political corruption. C) They were a threat to the nation's security. D) They were part of the nation's bloodstream. 2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?
A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S. B) They can do just as well as their predecessors. C) They will be very disappointed on the new land. D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.
3. What does Edward Telles' research say about Mexican-Americans?
A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation. B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment. C) They will melt into the African-American community. D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving. 4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?
A) Rid them of their inferiority complex. B) Urge them to adopt American customs.
C) Prevent them from being marginalized. D) Teach them standard American English, 5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is
A) how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents B) how to help immigrants to better fit into American society C) how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border D) how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S. Passage 10
After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
1. A good title for this passage is ____________.
A. Sleep B. Good Health C. Dreams D. Work and Rest 2. The word \
A. sick B. stand up C. asleep D. a little sleepy
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3. The passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you ____________. A. dream more often B. have poor health C. nervous D. breathe quickly 4. During REM, ____________.
A. your eyes move quickly B. you dream C. you are restless D. both A and B 5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ____________. A. approximately six hours B. around ten hours C. about eight hours D. not stated here Passage 11
After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late.
Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.
Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000.
Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judge' decision. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared prizes.
1. When did the first award ceremony take place?
A) 1895 B) 1901 C) 1962 D) 1968 2. Why was the Nobel Prize established?
A) To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity. B) To resolve political differences. C) To honor the inventor of dynamite. D) To spend money
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) Awards vary in monetary value.
B) Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel's invention. C) Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners. D) A few individuals have won two awards.
4. In which area have Americans received the most awards?
A) literature B) peace C) economics D) science 5. In how many fields are prizes bestowed（授予）?
A) 2 B) 5 C) 6 D) 10 Passage 12
To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear. Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class： he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.
The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to
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act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.
A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play： they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.
I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 1. What is the text about?
A) How to become a good teacher.
B) What a good teacher should do outside the classroom. C) What teachers and actors could learn from each other.
D) The similarities (相似处) and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s. 2. In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s? A) The teacher must learn everything by heart.
B) He knows how to control his voice better than an actor. C) He has to deal with unexpected situations. D) He has to use more facial expressions.
3. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that ____. A) students can move around in the classroom
B) students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t C) no memory work is needed for the students
D) the students must take part in their teachers’ plays
4. Why is it that some good teachers are unable to play well on the stage? A) Nobody has taught them how to act on the stage. B) Their audiences are different.
C) It is impossible for them to do so much memory work. D) They are not used to repeating exactly the same words. 5. Which of the following is true?
A) Teachers have to learn by heart what they are going to say in class.
B) A teacher cannot decide beforehand what exactly he is going to say in class. C) A teacher must speak louder than an actor.
D) A teacher must have a better memory than an actor. Passage 13
Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts; they rely on depositors (储户) not to
demand payment all at the same time. If depositors should come to fear that a bank is not safe, that it cannot pay off all its depositors, then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day. If they did, the bank could not pay all accounts. However, if they did not all appear at once, then there would always be enough money to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it. Mrs. Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced. One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city where Mrs. Vaught lived. The other banks expected a run the next day, and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs. Vaught worked as a teller had enough money on hand to pay off their depositors. The officers simply told the tellers to pay on demand. The next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside. The length of the line made many think that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone. People began to push and then to fight for places near the
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tellers’ windows, the power of the panic atmosphere was such that two tellers, though they knew that the bank was quite all right and could pay all depositors, drew their own money from the bank. Mrs. Vaught says that she had difficulty keeping herself from doing the same. 1. A bank run happens when _______.
A) a bank is closed for one or more days
B) too many depositors try to draw out their money at one time C) there is not enough money to pay all its depositors at one time D) tellers of a bank take their own money from the bank 2. The tellers in Mrs. Vaught’s bank were told to ________. A) explain why they could not pay out all accounts B) pay out accounts as requested
C) make the depositors believe that the bank was stand D) pay out money as slowly as possible 3. The main cause of a bank run is _______.
A) loss of confidence B) lack of money
C) crowds of people D) inexperienced tellers 4. Which of the following did Mrs. Vaught say? A) She knew that the bank was not sound.
B) She feared that too many depositors drawing their money would close the bank. C) She was not able to draw out her money. D) She was tempted to draw out her money.
5. According to the passage, the actions of the depositors of Mrs. Vaught’s bank were affected mainly by the _______.
A) ease with which they could get their money B)confidence that Mrs. Vaught showed
C) failure of several other banks to open
D)confidence shown by other depositors of the bank Passage 14
Traffic lights are crucial tools for regulating traffic flow. They are not, however, perfect. At unmanaged junctions, a pattern of stop-go movement can still be frustrating and burn more fuel than a smooth passage would. Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle’s speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green. That is theoretically possible, but practically hard. Roadside signs wired to traffic lights may help, but they have not been widely deployed. Now scientists have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective. Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobile-phone apps. For a driver to benefit, he must load a special software, dubbed SignalGuru, into his phone and then mount it on a special bracket attached to the inside of his car’s windscreen, with the camera lens pointing forwards. SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, amber or green. It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, and—if there are enough of them—the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town. Using this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-light schedule for the region and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid running into red lights. Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting traffic-light activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities. This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly half-way through the test, from their off-peak schedule to their afternoon-traffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive,
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