A．Europe is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean. B．The Barents Sea is to the north of the Arctic. C．The Arctic Ocean is polluted by plastic rubbish. D．European countries are to blame for the pollution.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Plastic waste has polluted the Arctic.”可知，这一段主要讲述的是塑料垃圾对北极地带的污染。故选C。
2．What has brought Bergmann's attention to plastic waste in Barents Sea? A．Human rubbish dumped in the sea. B．Pictures taken by deepsea cameras. C．Sea water taken to the laboratory. D．Wildlife spotted by helicopter.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She first started counting bits of plastics in the Barents Sea because she kept spotting signs of the stuff there in images taken with deepsea cameras.”可知，她最先关注到这种现象是由于看到了来自海底深处相机拍摄的照片。故选B。
3．What concerned Bergmann according to Para.3? A．Plastic is found in the remote sea. B．The sea is covered with plastic. C．Advanced tools are in great need. D．People suffered from bad weather.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That doesn't seem like much, but it shows us that we've really got a problem, one that extends even to this remote area, far from civilization”可知，海洋里的塑料垃圾已经运达如此偏僻，远离人类文明的地区，引起了她的担忧。故选A。
4．Why is plastic dangerous to animals?
A．Animals may get choked by bags or plastic bits. B．Animals may die of hunger if they swallow bags. C．Plastic can release harmful gases to kill animals. D．It is hard for plastic bags and bits to break down.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And wildlife may swallow bags and other plastic bits. That makes them feel full. But some may eventually starve because they are not getting the nutrients they need to live.”可知，野生动物可能会吞下袋子和其他塑料碎片，这样，它们误以为自己饱了。但有些最终可能会饿死，因为它们得不到生命所需的营养。故选B。
B
(2019·北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
5．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A．The various patterns at the ocean surface. B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C．The way light reflects off marine organisms. D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
答案：B 段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。
6．What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Sensitive. C．Significant.
B．Beneficial. D．Unnoticeable.
答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes. C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate. D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
答案：D 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。
8．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes. B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain. C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans. D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2020·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)One Saturday morning, I suddenly noticed my room was a completely mess, what really annoyed me. I realized too many useful things took up a lot of space. So I decided to throw it away and do some cleaning. It took
me a whole day get all the works done. Finally the room was tidy again and everything was in the order.
This was also true for life: we add more and more to our life, hoped to get a better life. But sometimes the more we add, the bad our life becomes. After all, sometimes less is more.
答案：
One Saturday morning, I suddenly noticed my room was a completely mess, what
①complete
②which
really annoyed me. I realized too many useful things took up a lot of space. So I
③useless
decided to throw it away and do some cleaning. It took me a whole day∧ get all the
④them
⑤to
works done. Finally the room was tidy again and everything was in the＼ order.
⑥work
⑦
This was also true for life: we add more and more to our life, hoped to get a
⑧is
⑨hoping
better life. But sometimes the more we add, the bad our life becomes. After all,
⑩worse
sometimes less is more.
1．completely→complete 考查形容词。mess是名词，其前应用形容词修饰。 2．what→which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为前面的“my room ... mess”，故用which来引导。
3．useful→useless 考查形容词。根据上文中的“I suddenly noticed ... mess”可知，我突然注意到我的房间杂乱无章，故此处应是我意识到太多无用的东西占据了许多空间。
4．it→them 考查代词。此处指代上文中的“things”，为复数概念，故把it改为them。 5．day后加to 考查非谓语动词。it takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，在此句型中it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式。
6．works→work 考查名词。work此处意为“工作”，是不可数名词，故把works改为work。
7．去掉the 考查固定短语。in order是固定短语，意为“有条理”。 8．was→is 考查动词的时态。此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时。
9．hoped→hoping 考查非谓语动词。动词hope与其逻辑主语we是主动关系，故用其现在分词形式作伴随状语。
10．bad→worse 考查形容词的比较级。句意：但是有时我们添加得越多，我们的生活就变得越糟糕。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”是固定句型，意为“越……越……”。
