M3U3语法讲解与练习 制卷：胡志霞
一、宾语补足语
宾补：宾语补足语用来说明宾语的情况，一般以\谓语动词+宾语+宾补\的句型出现能带宾语补足语的动词常见的有make,keep,find.believe,think,name,call,hear,feel,leave等． Your humor makes me happy. (_____做宾补) She found him a very clever boy. (_____做宾补) You found the door open. (_____做宾补)
I found nobody in the classroom. (_____做宾补) We found the ruins most interesting. (_____做宾补) We made her our monitor. (_____做宾补) I feel my feet cold. (_____做宾补)
We believe him to be a great scholar. (_____做宾补) I hear him singing. (_____做宾补)
We consider her performance a big success. (_____做宾补) The man was kept in prison. (_____做宾补)
总结：An object complement, which gives information about the object, can be a noun(名词), a noun phrase（名词词组）, an adjective（形容词）, a to-infinitive（不定式）, a bare infinitive（动词原形）, or a prepositional phrase（介词词组）. 1. 接不定式作宾补的动词有:
（advise， cause， allow， ask， invite，teach， tell， want， like， ask for， order， wait for ...）+ 宾语 + to do(be)…
我建议她多做运动。________________________________________________ 老师教我们唱英文歌。______________________________________________ 她邀请我参加她的生日聚会。_______________________________________ 2.只能接动词原形做宾补的动词有：(make，let，have) + sb. + do sth 比如：His story made me laugh. Please let me come in.
但是，make在下列情况下则有不同
He raised his voice and made himself heard.(使他自己被听见) 3.下列动词看情况
“吾看四室两厅一感觉”
五看：see, observe, watch, notice, look at 四使：have，keep, get, leave 两听：hear, listen to 一觉：feel
1）表示看到动作或事情发生的全过程，以do(动词原形)做宾补。 I heard her sing a song.____________________________________ We watched them play a basketball game._______________________ The boss saw her smoke in the office._____________________________ 2) 表示主动或进行的动作，以v-ing(现在分词)做宾补。
I heard her singing. _____________________________________
We watched them playing a basketball game.__________________________
The boss saw her smoking in the office._____________________________ 3)表示被动或完成的动作，以v-ed(过去分词)做宾补。 I heard my name called.
I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. When I returned there，I found the bag gone.
练习：用所给动词的恰当形式填空:
1. It’s difficult to get a car ___________ (go) on a cold morning. 2. His failing the exam got his parents ________ (worry).
3. I have had my bike ________ (repair), and I’m going to have my brother ______ (repair) my radio tomorrow.
4. Don’t leave the water _______ (run) while you brush your teeth. 5. Homework is left ________ (undo) and daily games lost. 6. She was found ______ (lie) at the corner, dead. 7. He raised his voice to make himself ______ (hear).
8. He shouldn’t be made ________ (learn). He always works hard.
9. A: I often hear this song _____ (sing), but I have never heard him ______ (sing) it. B: Listen! I can hear him _______ (sing) it now.
10. When I came in, I found many parents ______ (seat).
练习：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 2. — Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
— Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. fill 3. We are trying our best to attract visitors and keep them ______. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
4. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _____ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
温馨提示：宾补和双宾结构的判断
把句子中的宾语与宾语后面的成分另外再组合成一个句子，（有时候要添加be动词）如果这个句子既符合英语结构，又符合汉语意思，那么，就一定是宾补，否则即是双宾语。例：1.He gave me a pen.他给我一支钢笔。
说明：把me改成I，添加一个be动词，则宾 语与宾语后面的成分所组成一个句子就变成了： I was a pen.而这明显是一个病句，所以，He gave me a pen.是一个含双宾语的句子。me 指“人”，为间接宾语，a pen 指“物”，为直接宾语。 2。He asked us to plant trees. We planted trees.这是一个既符合英语结构，又符合汉语意思的简单句，所以，to plant trees就是us的宾语补足语。
二、主谓一致（请参照M3P50的例题）
主谓一致指“人称”和谓语动词“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则 (principle of
proximity)。“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。
一.语法一致原则
1.主语为单数名词或代词，谓语动词用单数（例句1，,10）；主语为复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；（例句7，9）
1).________________________________________________ 10)._______________________________________________ 7)_________________________________________________ 9)_________________________________________________ 2.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数（例句2）
2）________________________________________________ 3.有A and B这种形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数（例句8） 8）_________________________________________________ 二. 意义一致原则 需引起注意的一些词
1.集合名词people, family, team, police, class, school, group等词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式（例句11）；如果强调其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数形式（例句12）
11）__________________________________________________ 12）__________________________________________________ My family ___ all fond of going to the cinema. The family ____ rather big, with 12 people in all.
2.一些表示时间长度，距离，金额等度量衡的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数（例句3）
3）___________________________________________________
3. 如 news,means(方法，手段) maths, physics, politics 以及书名，人名，国家名作主语时，谓语动词用单数（例句4,13）
4）________________________________________________ 13) ________________________________________________
4.如glasses，clothes, congratulations, remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式（例句14）
14）___________________________________________________ 三. 就近原则
1. 连词or(或), not only…but also…(不但…而且…), not … but…(不是…而是)…, either…or…(要么…要么…), neither… nor…(既不…也不…)等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致（例句15,16）
He or I _____ (be) going to visit the Great Wall.
Not only the teacher but also students_____ (like) this film.
2.当there be 后有几个并列主语时，be的数与靠的近的主语一致 There _____(be) a desk, three chairs and a map in the room. There _____(be) three chairs, a desk and a map in the room. 四. 特殊情况
1. “名词（代词）+ 由 with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but, except, rather than, no less than等引起的短语作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词名词或代词一致。（求远原则）
Mr. Li together with his two sons________(have) gone to the cinema. Mary as well as I ______(be) fond of watching films.
The educational system rather than the teachers _______ (be) responsible for the heavy burden of students.
练习：1. The people’s republic of China ____ (be) founded in 1949. 2. The food they offered on the plane ___ (be) delicious. 3. Two hours __ (be) not enough for so much homework.
4. Twenty thousand dollars __ (be) a large amount of money to me. 5. Collecting stamps _____ (be) one of his favourite pastimes.
6. That it keeps raining cats and dogs ________ (worry) the tourists. 7. My friend and I _______ (want) to play outside after watching TV. 8. ______ (have) your classmates finished their homework? 9. All of us ____________ ( attend) the lecture about Pompeii.
10. Most of the lecture ___ (be) about how the ancient city was discovered. 11. I spent only 30 yuan buying books and the rest of money ___ (be) spent on my food.
13. His family __ (be ) to move to the countryside next month. 14. His family ___ all (be) fond of popular music.
15. Our school __ (be) a key school in Jiangsu Province.
16. Our school ___ (be)doing morning exercises now on the playground. 17. The remains of the old castle _____ (be) destroyed in World War Ⅱ 18. The news ___ (be) too good to be true.
19. Either the team leader or the guides ___ (be) looking after the students. 20. Neither noodles nor rice __ (be) delicious today.
21. Either you or the headmaster ___ (be) to hand out prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
22. Not only you but also I ___ (be) puzzled at her worried look.
23. An expert with some assistants ___ (be) sent to work in Gansu Province. 24. No one except two teachers ________ (know) the secret.
25. Xiao Ming as well as his parents ______ (be) interested in music.
27. Each man and woman ______ the same rights. a. has b. have c. had d. is having
28. Every means ____ tried but without much result. a. has been b. have been c. are d. is
29. There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture
