2002全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
2002全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(2002)
SectionⅠ Use of English
Directions:
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened__21___. As was discussed before, it was not __23___the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic__22___, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the __24___ of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution __25___ up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading __26___ through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ___27__ the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in __28___. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, ___29__, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,
__30___ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, _31__ its
impact on the media was not immediately __32___. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as __33___, with display becoming sharper and storage
__34___ increasing. They were thought of, like people, _35____ generations, with the distance between
generations much ___36__.
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the __37___ within which we now live. The communications revolution has _38____ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been ___39__ views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed __40___“harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
21 [A] between 22 [A] after 23 [A] means 24 [A] process 25 [A] gathered 26 [A] on 27 [A] of 28 [A] concept 29 [A] indeed 30 [A] brought
[B] before [B] by [B] method [B] company [B] speeded [B] out [B] for [B] dimension [B] hence [B] followed
[C] since [C] during [C] medium [C] light [C] worked [C] over [C] beyond [C] effect [C] however [C] stimulated
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[D] later [D] until [D] measure [D] form [D] picked [D] off [D] into [D] perspective [D] therefore [D] characterized
2002全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
31 [A] unless 32 [A] apparent 33 [A] institutional 34 [A] ability 35 [A] by means of 36 [A] deeper 37 [A] context 38 [A] regarded 39 [A] competitive 40 [A] above
[B] since [B] desirable [B] universal [B] capability [B] in terms of [B] fewer [B] range [B] impressed [B] controversial [B] upon
[C] lest [C] negative [C] fundamental [C] capacity [C] with regard to [C] nearer [C] scope [C] influenced [C] distracting [C] against
[D] although [D] plausible [D] instrumental [D] faculty [D] in line with [D] smaller [D] territory [D] effected [D] irrational [D] with
SectionⅡ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses. Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses?
convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that?sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe?sadoctor.” Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit?llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman?snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn?tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit?sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon?tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.
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2002全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
41. Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould ________.
[A] takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience [B] makefunofthedisorganizedpeople [C] addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople [D] showsympathyforyourlisteners
42. Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare ________.
[A] impolitetonewarrivals
[B] veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole [C] entitledtosomeprivileges [D] verybusyevenduringlunchhours
43. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices ________.
[A] havebenefitedmanypeople [B] arethefocusofpublicattention [C] areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor [D] haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
44. Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered ________.
[A] inwell-wordedlanguage [B] asawkwardlyaspossible [C] inexaggeratedstatements [D] ascasuallyaspossible
45. Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe ________.
[A] UseHumorEffectively [B] VariousKindsofHumor [C] AddHumortoSpeech [D] DifferentHumorStrategies
Text 2
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics -- thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteracc
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2002全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
uracy -- fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves -- goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,” says DaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan?tyetgivearobotenough?commonsense?toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”
Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies. Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain?sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented -- andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated -- thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan?tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon?tknowquitehowwedoit. 46. Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin ________.
[A] theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction [B] thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry [C] theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork [D] theelite?scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork
47. Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans ________.
[A] programs [B] experts [C] devices [D] creatures
48. Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman?sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan ________.
[A] fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery [B] interactwithhumanbeingsverbally [C] havealittlecommonsense
[D] respondindependentlytoachangingworld 49. Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso ________.
[A] makeafewdecisionsforthemselves [B] dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention [C] improvefactoryenvironments [D] cultivatehumancreativity
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