A. They were chosen throughout USA. C. They were shaped by the Civil war.
B. They were born from 1831 to 1840. D. They were interesting and wealthy. D
About 100 years ago the horse-manure(马粪) crisis drove most observers to despair. 19th-century cities depended on horses for daily functioning. In New York in 1900, 100,000 horses were used in all transport, and in delivering the goods needed by the growing population.
The problem was that all these horses produced huge amounts of manure. A horse on average produces 15-35 pounds of manure per day. Consequently, the streets of 19th-century cities were covered by horse manure. This, in turn, attracted huge numbers of flies, and the dried manure was blown everywhere. Every day 2.5 million pounds of horse manure were produced and had to be swept up and disposed of.
In 1898 the first international urban-planning conference was held in New York. It was abandoned after three days, instead of the scheduled ten, because nobody could see any solution to the growing crisis by urban horses and their output.
The problem did seem tough. The larger and richer that cities became, the more horses they needed. The more horses, the more manure. In 1894, a writer estimated that in 50 years every street in London would be buried under nine feet of manure. Moreover, all these horses had to be stabled, which used up ever-larger areas of increasingly valuable land. And as the number of horses grew, ever-more land had to be devoted to producing hay to feed them (rather than producing food for people), and this had to be brought into cities and distributed—by horse-drawn vehicles. It seemed that urban civilization was doomed.
Of course, urban civilization was not buried in manure. Because millions of horses were replaced by motor vehicles! This was possible because of cleverness of inventors and entrepreneurs such as Gottlieb Daimler and Henry Ford, and a system that gave them the freedom to put their ideas into practice. Even more important, however, was the existence of the price mechanism. When the price of horse-drawn transport rose steadily with the increasing cost of feeding and housing horses, strong incentives(动机) were created for people to find alternatives. 32. How would you feel if you were walking on the New York street of 1900? A. Sick. B. Light-hearted. C. Excited. D. Satisfied. 33. What was the problem that New York faced one hundred years ago?
A. Heavy traffic. B. Narrow streets. C. Little valuable land. D. Horse manure. 34. What was the probable target of the first international urban-planning conference in 1898? A. To feed more horses. B. To find a solution to horse manure. C. To reduce public buses. D. To produce motor vehicles.
35. What was the most important factor in solving the urban civilization problem of New York? A. Entrepreneurs’ freedom. B. People’s incentives. C. Price mechanism. D. Government’s appeal.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Snowblind -- it's a frightening word. Thankfully, it’s a condition that is totally preventable. Snow blindness is a painful, temporary loss of vision due to overexposure to the sun's UV
rays. Essentially, snow blindness is caused by a sunburned eye.
36 Though it is commonly called snow blindness, the condition can (and often does) occur in the absence of snow.
The terms \reflective of ultraviolet radiation. 37 Also, skiing, mountain climbing and snowboarding usually take place at relatively high altitudes, where the sun's UV rays are stronger. Combined, these factors can double your risk of getting sunburned eyes, compared with being outdoors at lower altitudes in the summertime.
38 Television journalist Anderson Cooper experienced snow-free snow blindness first-hand a few years ago when he spent a couple hours on a boat in Portugal without sunglasses and ended up \
Not only can you become snowblind without snow-- it can happen without sunlight, too! 39 For example, sun lamps can cause temporary \blindness if proper eye protection is not used.
40 To relieve pain or discomfort from snow blindness, stay indoors and wear sunglasses. Keep your eyes well-moistened with artificial tears. For additional relief, use over-the-counter pain relievers. Be sure to use only pain relievers you know you can take without worry of an allergic reaction. You also may find that placing a cool, dampened washcloth over your closed eyelids is comforting.
A. You don't need snow to become snowblind.
B. It will likely affect those traveling in snowy conditions. C. To prevent snow blindness on the slopes, wear sunglasses.
D. Sometimes it occurs from man-made sources of ultraviolet radiation E. .In fact, snow can reflect over 80 percent of the UV rays that fall upon it.
F. Snow blindness is scary, but usually it's temporary, and there are ways to relieve the discomfort.
G. But water and white sand also are highly reflective of the sun's UV rays, thus increasing the risk.
第三部分: 英语知识运用（共两节， 满分45分）
第一节: 完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out.
He sat on the park bench, head in hands, 41 if anything could save his company from bankruptcy (破产).
Suddenly an old man appeared before him. “I can see that something is 42 you,” he said. After listening to the businessman’s troubles, the old man said, “I believe I can help you.” He asked the man his name, wrote out a 43 , and pushed it into his hand saying, “Take this money. Meet me here exactly one year from today, and you can pay me back at that time.”
Then he turned and disappeared as 44 as he had come.
The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500,000, 45 by John D. Rockefeller, then one of the richest men in the world!
“I can 46 my money worries in an instant!” he realized. But 47 , he decided to put the uncashed check in his safe. Just knowing it was there might give him the 48 to work out a way to save his business, he thought.
With renewed 49 , he negotiated better deals. Within a few months, he was out of debt and making money once again.
Exactly one year later, he returned to the 50 with the uncashed check. At the 51 time, the old man appeared. But just as the businessman was about to 52 the check and share his success story, a
53 came running up and grabbed the old man.
“I’m so delighted I 54 him!” she cried. “I hope he hasn’t been bothering you. He’s 55 escaping from the rest home and telling people he’s John D. Rockefeller.” And she led the old man away 56 the arm.
The businessman just stood there, 57 . All year long he’d been buying and selling, 58 he had half a million dollars behind him.
Suddenly, he realized that it wasn’t the money, real or 59 , that had turned his life around. It was his 60 self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after. 41. A. wondering B. suspecting C. estimating D. hesitating 42. A. attacking B. disturbing C. interrupting D. amusing 43. A. number B. note C. letter D. check 44. A. calmly B. quietly C. quickly D. proudly 45. A. signed B. handed C. drawn D. deposited 46. A. lose B. remove C. face D. ignore 47. A. instead B. therefore C. rather D. meanwhile
48. A. weakness B. belief C. urge D. strength 49. A. creativity B. permission C. optimism D. curiosity 50. A. hospital B. company C. street D. park 51. A. advanced B. appointed C. announced D. delayed 52. A. hand back B. give out C. put out D. turn over 53. A. policeman B. banker C. nurse D. guard 54. A. beat B. cheated C. pushed D. caught 55. A. never B. seldom C. always D. occasionally 56. A. on B. in C. by D. at 57. A. exhausted B. astonished C. disappointed D. excited 58. A. convinced B. informed C. reminded D. warned 59. A. created B. imagined C. discovered D. donated 60. A. long-lost B. non-existent C. ever-lasting D. newly-found
注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第二节 语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year, I 61 (be) lucky enough to take part in
an event called \
Shanxi is Chinese for \tourist attractions, Shanxi has Hengshan Mountain, one of China's five sacred Taoist mountains and the Wutai Mountains, a sacred Chinese Buddhist site, 62 is on UNESCO's World Heritage List.
The good transportation and easy access 63 Shanxi province, especially from Beijing, make it a comfortable trip. It is convenient for people to go on to neighboring Shaanxi province, home of the 64 (fame) Terracotta Warriors or to Huashan Mountain. Thanks to the high-speed trains, 65 (visitor) can see such well-known places as Pingyao and the Mianshan Mountains within a day's ride from Taiyuan. 65 (locate) south of Taiyuan, Pingyao, an Old Town with its own several-kilometer-long wall , has managed 67 (preserve) its Ming and Qing appearance. In traveling across China and visiting its cities, towns, and tourist attractions, one can't help 68 (see) that it's a country heading toward the future. However, if you want to see both the historical past and the 69 (rapid) approaching future in one shot, at the same time, you should visit Shanxi with 70 it has to offer.
第四部分：写作（共两节；满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Lang Ping, the head coach of China's national women's volleyball team, arrived at my high school in Sep 17. At about 9 o’clock, all the Senior 3 student gathered in the school stadium, waiting for the arrival of Lang Ping and her team. The moment Lang stepped into the stadium, nobody could stay seating. We clapped wild as we saw the schoolmaster take Lang to his seat. Then Lang shares her life with us in her speech. She said it was faith and courage had led her to her success.
As the Senior 3 student, I think it was not only a fortunate experience for me, but also a powerful one, as Lang’s words gave me strength. I will keep it in mind what she told us: Trusting yourself and fight every step of the way to win!
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你班将于本周六去龙湾度假村( Longwan Resort)春游。请你根据以下信息给外教Adam写信，邀请他参加。 1. 出发及返回时间；
2.活动：骑车，钓鱼，划船，烧烤； 注意：
1. 词数100左右；
