四种时态辨析
一般现在时 用法 表示经常性的行为、意愿、状态及客观真理。 表示过去的行为或状态。 时间状语 everyday/week/month/year之类的短语或always, often, sometimes, usually, seldom等表示频率的词。 动词形式 一般是原形，如果主语是he/she/it（或单数名词），动词要变为第三人称单数形式。如：do要改为does。 例句 My pen friend always writes to me on Saturday.我的笔友经常在星期六给我写信。 He worked very hard at Chinese last year.他去年很努力地学习语文。 I’m going to write it down in my diary tomorrow.明天我将把它写到日记里。 What is she doing now/at the moment？她正在做什么？ 一般过去时 last 动词形式要用day/week/month/year, 过去式。如：doyesterday, the day 要改为did。 before yesterday等表示过去具体时间的词或after, some time ago/later等。 next week/month/yearwill/be going 等或tomorrow, the to+动词原形 day after tomorrow, in the future等。 一般将来时 现在进行时
表示将来的动作或存在的状态。 表示现在或现阶段正在进行动作。 now=at the moment be+动词的现在分词 语法专练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.I ____(watch)the football game on TV tomorrow evening. 2.The girl _____（count）the apples on the table now. 3.He always _____（repeat）the same word.
4.His friend _____（send）him an email last Saturday.
5.The little boy _____（correct）the spelling mistakes in his notebook last night. 二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
1.They gave some concerts in China last year.（改为否定句）
They gave _____ _____ _____ concerts in China last year.
2.He checked his vocabulary notebook every day.（改为一般疑问句） ______he _______ his vocabulary notebook every day？
3.She looked worried because she didn’t pass the English exam.（对划线部分提问）______ ______she ______ worried?
4.There was a class meeting yesterday morning.（用tomorrow改写句子）There _____ _____ a class meeting tomorrow.
5.He sometimes plays basketball with his good friends.（用now改写句子）_____ ____ basketball with his good friends now. 语法专练
一、1.am going to/will watch
2.is counting
3.repeats 4. sent 5.corrected
二、1.didn’t give any 2.Does,check 3.Why did, look 4.will be
5.He’s playing
【语法讲堂】
现在完成时（一）
如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如何表达呢?首先请看下面的句子：
（1）I have seen the film．I don’t want to see it again．这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。（2）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure? 你看过旅游宣传册吗?以上句子的谓语动词有一个共同的特点就是“have／has+动词的过去分词”，用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响，如（1）；还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情，如（2）。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。 从以上例句中我们也看到现在完成时的疑问句表达方式，由此可以推出现在完成的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其答语。 人肯定 否定 疑问 回答 称 第一人称I have seen a boy in the room. Have you seen a Yes, I have. I haven’t（have not）seen a boy in boy in the the room. room? No, I haven’t. You haven’t（have Have you been to England ? not）been to England. He/She hasn’t（has Has he/she been to not）been to Disneyland in Los Disneyland in Angeles. Los Angeles ? They haven’t（have not）played concerts all over the world. Have they played concerts all over the world ? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. Yes, he/she has. No, he/ she hasn’t. Yes, they have . No, they haven’t . 称第二人第三人称You have been to England. He/She has been to Disneyland in Los Angeles. They have played concerts all over the world. 【语法专练】
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. _________ you ever _______ (write) to your friend in English. 2. She ________ (give ) concerts all over the world.
3. They _________(see) the film. They don’t want to see it again. 4. David _______(take) many photos of stone animals before. 5. Daming _________(not try) skiing before. 二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1. Tony has washed his clothes.(改为否定句) Tony ______ ______ his clothes.
2. We have ever been to Shanghai. (改为否定句) We have______ ______ to Shanghai.
3. I have swum in the sea.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) ----_________ you _________ _________ in the sea? ----_________, I ___________.
4. My parents have visited Tian’anmen Square. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) ----_________ your parents _________ Tian’anmen Square? ----No, _______ _________.
5. She ate two apples yeasterday.( 改为现在完成时) She ________ ever_________ two apples. 三、单项选择。
1. Has John _________ Beijing _______ Shanghai?
A. leaving; to B. left; to C. left; for D. leaving; for 2. I think if you’ve lost the library book, you must_________ it. A. pay for B. pay C. spend on D. take 3. ---Have you ________ your key?
--- No, I’ve _______ for it everywhere, but I can’t fing it.
A.find; looked B.looked; found C.found; looked D. looked; looked 4. I’ve ________ met her before, so I don’t know her. A. never B. ever C. just D. yet
5. ---Could you _____ me your bike? --- Sorry, Tom _____ it already. A. borrow; has lent B. borrow ; lend C. lend; has borrowed D. lend; borrow
语法专练
一、1. Have, written 2. has given 3. have seen 4. has taken 45. hasn’t tried 二、1. hasn’t washed 2. never been 3. Have, ever swum; Yes, have
4. Have, visited; they haven’t 5. has, eaten 三、1----5 CACAC
现在完成时（二）
例句 构成 用 法 have（has） +过去分词 We have visited your school before.我以前曾去过你们学校。 结束、结果：Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚表示现在刚刚把灯关上。（现在灯关上了） 完成的动作。 I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） 常搭配的副词：already, yet, just, ever, never。这几个词yet常在句首或者句尾，其余的常在have/has的后面，行为动词的前面。already也可在肯定句尾，表示强调，在疑问句末尾表示惊讶等。 Has he finished his homework already? 对他完成了作业感到惊讶。 另，before 也可以与现在完成时连用，ago只能与过去时连用。 I’ve ever been there before. It was ten years ago. Has he finished his homework yet? have been to 1.来过，去过，到过某地，（人已经回来）与 have gone 显著标志：ever ,never ,twice ,three to times ,before. 2.去或到某地了（人还没有回来） 显著标志：类似以下的句子时，要用 have gone to 。He will come back next week. He isn’t here/there/at home.注意一般用 have gone to 的大都是第三人称 3.注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to 这四个地点副词是here ,there , home ,abroad。 语法专练
一、单项选择。
1.—_______ you _______ your homework? ----Yes, I have. A. Do; done B. Did; do C. Have; done D. Have; do 2. ----_______ you _____ to Xi’an? ---Yes. I went there last month. A. Did; went B. Are; going C. Have; gone D. Have; been 3. Xiao Yong _______ his uncle in Australia next month. A. will see B. sees C. has visited D. wanted to see
