2015八年级下第二单元单词和词汇学案 Unit 2 I’ll help clean up the city parks. I．目录页学习 1. Topics: Volunteering and charity 2. Functions: Offer help （主动提出做。。。 offer to do / offer sth.to sb.／offer sb. sth.) 3. Structures: 不定式做宾语 (区别不定式做目的状语)，形容词做宾语补足语 （可以变形为 形式宾语it的表达方式） 情态动词could来表达请求 短语动词 4. Target Language: I’d like to… You could … She volunteers there once a week to help kids to learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. 5. Vocabulary: 目录页的词汇教材已经按照词性分类，自己抄录一下哈 n. (名词) v. (动词) phrasal verbs (短语动词) phrases (短语) PS：需要明白短语动词的意义哦 6. Recycling: 循环复习里的单词和短语可是中考要重点考察的，尤其重视词性和语法项目 关于If 你觉得中考要考察什么呢，列举在下面吧： 7. 只能用不定式做宾语的及物动词 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, determine ,expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, hesitate, seek, swear, afford, guarantee,intend, 8. 既可以用不定式又可以用ing分词做宾语的动词，但是有区别 forget, remember, regret, mean, go on, try, can't help, stop, need, only to do(doing), 这组词一定要自己查一查哦，写在下面 9. 常用不定式做宾语补足语的及物动词 want, need, teach, advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn，guide, enable, get(使), instruct, recommend, urge, command, prefer, wish 错误！未指定书签。 wait for sb.to do / call on sb.to do / depend on sb.to do / long for sb.to do II. 短语动词： 1. 动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类 Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物) 注意： ①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开 She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。 ②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间 She gave them away.她送掉了它们。 ③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异 ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话 put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up挂起，举起。 ④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异 break out发生，爆炸 carry out进行，开展 go out熄灭 hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完 set out出发, take out取出 work out算出 2. 动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。 ②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。 look after照料，look at看，look for寻找 3. 动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0722/10/9675619_396220474.shtml 这个网址有很好的资源适合自学，上面总结的短语动词的结构不完整，需要自己再加把劲把它补充完整哈，要点和有用的例句写在下面吧： 错误！未指定书签。 http://wenku.http://www.china-audit.com//link?url=gVS28RsEo6CeNEcnq5YiuJ1wpGQfeAQk5Y4iM9y-xZKxdgAagiEAlWhIouTdpLZDw5whSmIFBYrIplmk9kxRAF7dAxXCXyHVq30_SQuK3cG 常考短语动词的归纳百度上都有哈，要5个下载券，q我没有，哪位富裕的下载一个给大家共享呗，3q III. 词汇用法： 1.clean up v. clean up the city parks clean it / them up clean-up n. have a (彻底的 thorough )clean-up 小结：有些动词短语中间加上连字符一下子就变合成______________了，意思差不多哦 grow up --- grown-up ( grown-ups) = adult get together --- have a family get-together 你再归纳几个： E.g. ---Jane, your bedroom is so dirty. ---Sorry, I’ll _______. A. clean up it B. clean it up C. clean them up D. clean up them 2. cheer v.欢呼；喝彩 (cheered) cheer up sb. cheer sb. Up adj. cheery (smiles / greetings ) 汉语意思呢____________________ cheerful = happy be cheerful about E.g. We are so cheerful about the coming of this semester due to seeing old friends again. E.g. Lily is upset these days. You must come up with some good ideas to ___________. 举杯的时候会说：__________________ 篮球比赛timeout时，又蹦又跳的美女们叫做 cheerleaders 3. give out 分发；散发 ;发出（光、热、声音、气味等) 给出，捐赠 give out food give it / them out give out money = donate / give away E.g. The sun g____________ out light and heat to the earth. 4. volunteer v.& n. voluntary adj. - adv.（完全可以自己写出来）_____________ volunteer to do sth. / volunteer one’s time to do sth. E.g. A volunteer is someone who does work ____________ being paid for it because they are _____________ to do that. The volunteers volunteer _______________(help) to clean up the city parks. 5. come up with / think out / think up / come up with new plans / creative ideas / practical solutions 6.put off 推迟 (put) put off doing sth. E.g. Never p________ off till tomorrow what you can do today. 这句话引用到作文当中不错呀！（As the saying goes, “...”) Please don’t put off _____________(do) your homework. 以put为中心词常考的短语动词：put away, put up , put on, put out, put off, put aside 自己翻译一下哈： 错误！未指定书签。
Syn. --- postpone e.g. He decided to postpone his departure. -
--- delay e.g. Many young couples delay having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers. 高考考点 delay doing sth. 7. sign n.标志；信号；星座 v.签字—n. signature put up signs traffic signs / a thumb-up sign
E.g. Excuse me, Sir. You can’t smoke here. Why not?
Didn’t you see the sign, _______________(say) “ No smoking!” E.g. What’s your sign? ---- 这个是问啥的呢？ v. sign one’s name / sign a contract
E.g. —What’s your sign?— Cancer. 你的星座是什么？_____________ E.g. Sir, please sign the contract. 当老板的感觉！ 为了学习思路更清晰，下面的读读： 辨别：mark, sign, signal 和 symbol
这组词都有“标记，标志”之意。
a. mark：“标志，标记\，含义广泛，指事物留下的深刻印迹或某物上用于辨别该物品的附属物，
比 sign 更侧重于区别性或揭示性的标志，有时不一定十分直观或明显。
One mark of a writer's greatness is that different minds can get a different inspiration
from his works. 一个伟大作家的标志之一是不同的人都能从他那里得到不同的灵感。 The lighthouse on the top of the hill serves as a mark for fliers. 山顶上的灯塔成了飞行员（识别地形）的标志。
b. sign：“记号，标记”，用法最广，可指符号（装置），也可指情绪，性格的直观显示，还指具体的
用于识别或指示的标志，如指标牌，卡片等。借喻时讲作“征兆，迹象”。如： Sir, you are not to walk your pet on the lawn. Don't you see the sign: \
grass\先生，你不可以在草坪上溜狗，你没瞧见牌子上写着“请勿践踏草坪”吗？ In the British Army, crown, stars and stripes are signs of military rank. 在英国军队里，王冠，星星和条形徽是军阶的标志。
c. signal：“信号”，常指约定俗成，用于传达某些信息的信号，也指灯光，声音或信号标志。 A red light is a signal of danger, which is even known to a five-year-old child. 红灯是危险的信号，这一点就连五岁的孩子都知道。
The sportsmen are all ready, waiting for the signal to start running. 运动员们都作好了准备，等待着起跑的信号。
d. symbol：“象征，符号”，指被人们选出的物体或图案，用来代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或 象征。
Symbol is a sign, figure or physical object, the meaning of which is established by
convention. 常用的表义符号是由按常规规定其意义的符号，图案或实物图像构成的。 In the picture the tree is the symbol of life and the snake the symbol of evil. 在这幅画中，树是生命的象征，蛇是邪恶的象征。
8. notice n.公告牌；通知；布告 syn. announcement noticeable adj. 明显的；显著的 E.g. n.They put up some _________________ to tell people about the environment situation.(现在改成make documentaries 了，哈哈）
v. = become aware of ...这个短语上高中有用
错误！未指定书签。
