地铁施工安全风险管理研究
摘 要
近年来，国内外地铁建设过程中的安全问题异常突出，其安全事故频繁发生于施工现场，对地铁工程施工现场安全风险管理研究势在必行。
本文以地铁施工过程中的安全风险为研究对象，将风险管理的理念引入地铁施工安全管理中，从施工安全生产管理的现状及地铁工程安全管理存在问题入手，通过对施工现场风险发生的机理、风险识别与评价方法的研究，建立了施工现场风险管理与风险评价模型。
现行的施工安全管理以传统的经验型为主，对安全隐患没有进行风险高低的识别与控制。本文研究中应用事故致因理论和风险管理理论，采用实证研究和理论研究相结合的方法。
从安全保障和职业健康体系、重大危险源与事故隐患的控制及应急响应机制与应急预案等各个环节论述施工现场安全风险控制的管理措施，以便实现施工现场动态安全风险的管理。
结合沈阳地铁一号线工程施工实例，从安全管理的风险分析、风险识别与评价、风险控制措施等环节简要论述了施工现场实施安全管理的具体方法。
关键词：地铁，施工现场，安全风险管理，重大危险源
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沈阳工程学院毕业论文
Abstract
In recent years, the safety questions of subway construction process are very prominent both at home and abroad, and its frequent security incidents occurred at the construction site, the research on the subway construction site security risk management is imperative.
In this paper, take the security risk of subway construction process as the research object, the concept of risk management will be the introduction of subway construction safety management, and start with the construction safety production management status and subway safety management problems, and research on the occurrence mechanism of the construction site, risk identification and evaluation of methods, to establishe a model of risk management and risk assessment in construction site.
Construction of the existing safety management experience in the traditional type-based, not on the security level of risk identification and control. In this paper, a comparative study of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, empirical research and theoretical study of the combination of methods.
From the security and occupational health system, a major accident hazards and risk control and emergency response mechanisms and contingency plans, etc. on all aspects of construction site safety management of risk control measures for continuous improwement.
Combination of the Shenyang Subway Line construction on the 1th example, from the safety management of the risk analysis , risk identification, risk assessment, risk control all aspect of the constrution site on the implementation of a safety risk management of specific methods.
Key Words：subway ,construction site, security risk management, a major accident hazards
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地铁施工安全风险管理研究
目 录
摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... II 1 引 言 ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 地铁施工安全风险管理研究背景 ........................................ 1 1.2 地铁施工安全风险管理研究目的 ........................................ 2 1.3 国内外风险管理现状 .................................................. 2
1.3.1 国外风险管理研究现状 ...................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 国内风险管理研究现状 ...................................................................................................... 3
2 工程项目施工安全风险管理理论 ........................................................................................... 4
2.1 工程项目风险与风险管理的相关概念 .................................... 4 2.2 地铁工程安全风险管理的重要性及特点 .................................. 4 2.3 施工安全风险管理模型的构建 .......................................... 5 3 地铁施工危险源的风险分析与评估 ....................................................................................... 6
3.1 安全风险的识别 ...................................................... 6
3.1.1 隐患、危险源、事故的相互关系 .................................................................................... 6 3.1.2 施工现场危险源识别的方法 ............................................................................................. 7 3.2 地铁工程安全风险因素（危险源）的分布 ................................ 7 3.3 风险因素识别的结果 .................................................. 8 3.4 地铁施工安全事故成因分析 ............................................ 8
3.4.1 安全意外事故的性质 ........................................................................................................... 9 3.4.2 安全意外事故的基本要素 .................................................................................................. 9 3.5 地铁施工危险源的等级划分 ............................................ 9 3.6 地铁施工危险源的分析评价方法 ........................................ 9 4 地铁施工安全风险的控制与管理 ......................................................................................... 11
4.1 建立完善的安全风险保障和职业健康管理体系 ........................... 11
4.1.1 强化地铁工程的安全监管 .................................................................................................11 4.1.2 建立施工现场安全风险保障体制 ...................................................................................11
4.1.3 加强职业健康管理，减少职业危害的产生 ................................................................ 12
4.2 加强对重大危险源和事故隐患的控制管理 ............................... 12
4.2.1 对重大危险源和事故隐患的辨识登记、申报 ........................................................... 13 4.2.2 重大危险源和事故隐患的控制与管理 ......................................................................... 13 4.3 建立重大事故应急救援体系 ........................................... 14
4.3.1 事故应急救援体系的响应程序 ....................................................................................... 14 4.3.2 应急救援预案....................................................................................................................... 14 4.4 案例分析：沈阳地铁一号线的安全风险管理 ............................. 15
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沈阳工程学院毕业论文
4.4.1 工程概况 ................................................................................................................................ 15 4.4.2 施工安全风险因素分析 .................................................................................................... 15 4.4.3 施工安全风险的评价 ......................................................................................................... 16 4.4.4 施工安全风险控制措施 .................................................................................................... 16
5 结 论 ..................................................................................................................................... 17
致 谢 ........................................................................................................................................... 18 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................................... 19
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