在英语中，包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如果一个句子包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中 有一个或更多的主谓结构充当句子的某一个成分，这个句子就叫复合句。复合句分为名词性从句、定 语从句（形容词性从句）和状语从句（副词性从句）。其中，名词性从句又分为主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句，同位语从句。
一、名词性从句
比较下列两组句子：
1）Your explanation（主语）sounds（连系动词）reasonable（表语）. （只有一个主谓结构，简单句）
What you said just now（主语从句）sounds（连系动词）reasonable（表语）. （主语包含一个主谓结构，复合句）
2）I （主语） believe （谓语） your honesty （宾语）.（只有一个主谓结构，简单句）
I （主语） believe （谓语） that you are honest （宾语从句）. （宾语包含一个主谓结构，复合句）
主语从句What you said just now 中的What，宾语从句that you are honest 中的that 都是引导从句 的关联词。从句的结构一般说来和简单句的一样，只不过从句前多了一个关联词。 了解并正确使用关联词是写好名词性从句的关键，引导名词性从句的关联词的词义的用法见下表：
类别 连词that 连词whether, if 词义 无任何词义 意为“是否” 在从句中的作用 仅起连接作用，不做 成分 起连接作用，不做成 分 连接从句，并在从句 中充当主语、表语、 宾语、定语 连接从句，并在从句 中充当状语 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose, 有各自含义 whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 连接副词 how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever
有各自含义 如：（1）That he didn’t pass the examination disappointed his mother.
（主语从句，that 没有意义，在从句中不充当任何成分）
注：引导主语从句的 that 不能省略，如在上句中，如果省去that，子结构混乱，是典型的“汉语式英语”； 有了that，就很容易看出that 是连词，引导主语从句That he didn’t pass the examination，整个句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”。
（2）The question is who will be elected president of the country. （表语从句， who 意为“谁”，在从句中作主语） （3）You can give it to whomever you like.
（宾语从句， whomever 意为“任何人，无论谁”，在从句中作宾语） （4）I can’t remember where I have read this article.
（宾语从句， where 意为“哪里”，在从句中作状语） 注：名词性从句中有一个问题需特别注意：it 做形式主语，it 做形式主语。 it 做形式主语常用的句型：
It is + 形容词 + that… It is + 过去分词 + that…
It matters/doesn’t matter + that/whether…
eg:It（形式主语）is（系动词）necessary（表语）that you inform him of the date for the meeting at once.（真 主语） （从句）
It（形式主语）was said（谓语）that he used to be manager of a big company.（真主语）（从句） It（形式主
语）matters a lot（谓语）whether you can raise enough money for the project.（真主语）（从 句） it 做形式宾语的句型：
主语+谓语+it（形式宾语）+形容词/名词（宾语补足语）+从句（真主语）/不定式
eg: We（主语）conside（r谓语）i（t形式主语）a greathono（r宾补）that we can host the 2008 Olympic Games. （真宾语） They（主语）found（谓语）it（形式主语）difficult（宾补）（形容词）tocommunicatewith the local people. （真主语）
【名词性从句练习】
（一）用that, whether/if, what（ever）, who（ever）, whom（ever）, whose, which（ever）, when, why, how, where 填空。
Everyoneknew1 Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew2 she camefromand 3 she was born in 1961 was still amystery.4 they did knowwas5 she waslovedby poor people because she alwayshelped 6 was in need of money. Andy was generous andhelpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn’t understand 7 they were sonarrow-minded, but it didn’t matter 8 others would thought of her. She just wanted to do 9 she thought was right. I think thatis10 the meaning of lifelies.
（二）将下列句子译成英语，然后分析每个句子的结构。 1.这就是我们不同意你的方案的原因。
2.他能考入北大是我们意料中事。
3.妈妈答应我她会好好照顾自己的。
4.他们还没决定什么时候出发。
5.很明显，他在撒谎。
6.据报道，我们队夺得了金牌。
7.真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。
8.我们规定每天练习一个小时的英语口语。
二、定语从句
修饰名词或代词、用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的特点是：从句前面有个各词或代词
（先行词），从句必须由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, as, 它们在从 句中做主语或宾语：whose 在从句中做定语，whose 后必须有一个名词。如 whose parents, whose top 等。
关系副词有：when, where, why，在从名中只能做状语。 注：运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现：定语
从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。 如：将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句成分。
1. The foreigner is from Canada. He visited ourclass.
The foreigner who（主语）visited（谓语）our class（宾语）yesterday is from Canada.
2. Mrs. Wang is the teacher. Her son was admitted to BeijingUniversity.
Miss Wang is the teacher whose（定语）son（主语） was admitted（谓语） （whose 后有 son, who 代 her）to Beijing University.
3. Our teacher told us such a story. It moved us all totears.
Our teacher told us such a story as（主语）moved（谓语）us all（宾语）（as 代 it 做主语, it 不重复出 现） to tears.
4. I will never forget the days. We worked in that small town in thosedays.
I will never forget the days when we（主语）worked（谓语） in that small town.
【定语从句练习】
（一）将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句的成分。 1. The noodles were delicious. I cooked thenoodles.
2.The factory is in the west of the city. His father works in thatfactory.
3.They planted the trees. The trees didn’t need muchwater.
4.I have a friend. Her father is anengineer.
（二）把下列句子译成英语。
1．他去年写的那本书深受读者欢迎。
2．那个在会上做报告的人是我们的校长。
3．她就是那个语音很好的女孩。
4. 我妈妈教书的那所学校建于 1930 年。
三、状语从句
状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。 状语从句在句首时，往往有逗号使从句与主句隔开。
引导状语从句的连词分类：
状语从句 连词 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, each time, every time, the first time, the minute, the second, the day, immediately where, wherever, everywhere if, unless, providing/provided that, supposing/suppose that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only Because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in fact, in view of thefact（鉴于） though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter wh-, for all that, granted, whether…or…, in spite of the factthat as, than, the same as, not so…as, as…as as if, as though that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest so that, so…that, such…that, but that… 时间 地点 条件 原因 让步 比较 方式 目的 结果 在写好简单句的基础上，要写好含状语从句的复合句，掌握引导每种状语从句的连词是关键，因 为状语从句内的结构与简单句相同，我们需要什么状语从句，只需在句前加上相应的连词既可。当然 我们还需要分
清复合句中哪是主句，哪是从句。 如：
（1）当你再读这首诗后（从句），你将更明白它的含义（主句）。
When you read the poem a second time, you will understand it better. 从句中，除了多了连词When 外，you read the poem a second time 与简单句结构相同。 （2）客人每到一处，都受到热闹欢迎。
Whenever they went, the guests were warmly welcomed. The guests were warmly welcomed whenever they went. 【状语从句练习】
把下列每两个句子连接成含状语从句的复合句。 1. You will be late. You leaveimmediately.
2. I was walking in the street. I saw an old friend ofmine.
3. I may fail a thousand times. I won’t giveup.
4. He is considered to be a good writer. His works are not widelyread.
5. We study very hard. We can work well in thefuture.
6. You can go to work in the place. Your father worked there when he was young. 要写好复合句最后需要注意的问题：千万不要交汉语一一对译成英语，一定要注意所写复合句符 合英语句子结构的特点及复合句中句子成分的完整。如“到车站时，他发现火车已经走了”，如果一一 对译，则容易误译为：When arrived at the station, he found the train had already left. 其实前面已经讲过， 从句与简单句一样，需讲究句子结构的完整性，只不过从句前有很明显，缺少主语，需在 when 后加 上he.
【综合练习】
（一）请补全下列复合句被遗漏的成分。
1. He said at the meeting astonished usall.
2. Tom won the first prize made his parents veryhappy. 3. It was in Beijing I met him for the firsttime. 4. Go and get your coat. It’s where youleft.
5. Anyone is late for class should say sorry to theteacher. 6.You can have no idea hesaid.
7.Please tell me when discuss the importantproblem. 8.Keep it in mind you have to be home by teno’clock. 9.I’ll never forget the time we worked on thefarm.
10.After the war, a new school was put up where had been atemple. （二）将下列句子翻译成英语。
1．她在丢失计算器的地方找到了它。
2．无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。
3．我是昨天下午才知道这个消息的。
4．李兵赢了比赛让我们大吃一惊。
5．听到这个消息的时候，他们禁不住大声欢呼起来。
