the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of _ 61_ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) _62_ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the \For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone _63 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for _64_ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be _65_ rather than drunk.
51. A. study 52. A. hand
B. way B. arm
C. word C. face C. lose
D. college D. back D. receive
53. A. refuse B. beg 54. A. challenging B. recording 55. A. important B. possible 56. A. seek 57. A. At first 58. A. printed 59. A. talented
B. deserve B. Above all B. mailed
C. understanding D. publishing C. amusing D. missing C. obtain C. rewritten
D. accept D. signed D. hard-working D. turn down D. strange D. chances D. health D. sick
C. In addition D. For example
B. good-looking C. helpful
60. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out 61. A. similarity B. friendship 62. A. expensive 63. A. time 64. A. shoppers 65. A. talkative Section B
B. plain B. instructions B. research
C. cheap C. money C. children
C. cooperation D. contact
B. handsome C. calm
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It’s not easy being a teenager – nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for his should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy. Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.
Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the
5
family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation (节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.
66. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ______. A. how to get along with a teenager C. how to understand a teenager
B. how to respect a teenager
D. how to help a teenager grow up
67. What does the phrase ―clam up‖ in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. become excited
C. refuse to talk
B. show respect D. seek help
68. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager ______. A. to use the phone in a sensible way C. to share the phone with friends
B. to pay for his own telephone D. to answer the phone quickly
69. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?
A. Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs. B. Give him advice only when necessary. C. Let him have his own telephone.
D. Not talk about personal things with him.
B
Troubled by the poor performance of their investments, many people are taking steps to stop decrease of their savings and rethink their financial plans. They are not sure what to do to maximize returns in light of stock market fluctuations, new tax laws, low interest rates and skyrocketing real estate values. ―People are afraid of making a mistake and losing more money,\says financial counselor Denise Hughes. \do-it-yourself investor of the 1990s is more comfortable now doing nothing.\But doing nothing isn't better than doing something smart, especially as college, weddings and retirement loom. Here's what financial advisors are recommending to their clients: Plan for financial aid
Most parents don't save nearly enough for children's education. They assume that investing in a 529 college plan is the best place for your savings. While a 529 plan offers tax-free growth and withdrawals for college costs, colleges look at these savings when evaluating their qualification and how much they will hand over. Do save aggressively for college in a taxable account in your name if your household income is below $ 100,000. In this case, your child will likely qualify for some financial aid. Do invest in a 529 savings plan if your income is higher than $100,000 and will likely remain at or above that level when your child enters college. In this case, the 529 plan is great because you probably won't qualify for financial aid anyway. Expect ups and downs
Annoyed by three straight years of stock market declines, many people have been shifting to lower-risk investments. But just as taking too much risk can hurt your portfolio's(投资组合) growth rate, so can hiding out in excessive safe investments paying 1% or less.
6
Do consider investing in funds that you'll hold on to for more than a year. Under the new tax law, long-term capital gains are taxed at a maximum of 15%, down from 20%. Do look at stock funds that pay dividends (红利). Dividends on stocks used to be taxed at your personal income tax rate. Under the new law, they are now taxed at no more than 15%. Investing in these funds will not only hold down taxes but also sustain your portfolio's value in tough times. Forget high fees
Over the next ten years, achieving the kind of double-digit returns we experienced over the past 20 years will be much harder. In the 1990s, the average rate of return for a portfolio allocated (配给) 60% to stocks and 40% to bonds was 13.2% after taxes and transaction expenses. Over the coming decade, this rate is expected to be closer to 5.5%. Don't pay unnecessarily high investment costs and fees. For example, if you can save half a percentage point on your fund expense ratio（the fee that funds charge you each year to manage your money）, your average investment return could be 6% instead of 5%.
70. Which of the following is NOT true about the investors of the 1990s？ A. They might need professional help.
B. They live a comfortable life now with nothing to do. C. They are afraid of making wrong decisions and losing money.
D. They are trying to protect what they make and save rather than taking risks. 71. According to the passage, a 529 savings account ______. A. is the best choice for low-income families B. offers tax-free growth and withdrawals
C. works best for those who are not qualified for financial aid D. should start in your child's name
72. According to the expert, which of the following can help your portfolio's return rate to grow? A. Allocating 40% of your portfolio to stocks and 60% to bonds. B. Hiding out in ultra-safe investments paying 1% or less. C. Investing long term in funds that pay dividends. D. Making high-risk and high-return investments.
73. On average, according to the experts, how much can you expect of an investment return in the near future?
A. Below 1%. B. About 6%. C. Above 8%. D. Close to 13.2%.
C
What are feelings for? Most nonscientists will find it a strange question. Feelings justify themselves. Emotions give meaning and depth to life. They exist without serving any other purposes. On the other hand, many evolutionary biologists acknowledge some emotions primarily for their survival function. For both animals and humans, fear motivates the avoidance of danger, love is necessary to care for the young, and anger prepares one to hold ground. But the fact that a behavior functions to serve survival need not mean that. Other scientists have regarded the same behavior as conditioning and learned responses. Certainly reflexes(反射) and fixed action patterns can occur without feeling or conscious thought. A baby seagull pecks(啄) at a red spot on the
7
bill(喙) of its parent. The seagull parent feeds its baby when pecked on the bill and the baby gets fed. The interaction need have no emotional content.
At the same time, there is no reason why such actions cannot have emotional content. In mammals that have given birth including humans, milk is often released automatically when a new baby cries. This is not under intended control but it is reflex. Yet this does not mean that feeding a new baby is exclusively reflex and expresses no feeling like love. Humans have feelings about their behavior even if it is conditioned or reflexive. Yet since reflexes exist and conditioned behavior is widespread, measurable, and observable, most scientists try to explain animal behavior by using only these concepts. It is simpler.
Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit science's methods most easily, scientists have refused to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones. Scientific orthodoxy (正统) holds that what cannot be readily measured or tested cannot exist, or is unworthy of serious attention. But emotional explanations for animal behavior need not be impossibly complex or unstable. They are just more difficult for the scientific method to check on in the usual ways, so cleverer and more skillful approaches are called for. Most branches of science are more willing to make successive evaluation of what may prove ultimately unknowable, rather than ignoring it altogether.
74. The example of the baby seagull pecking the parent’s bill is used to support that ______.
A. it is an inborn ability for adults to look after the young B. behaviors can be learned and involve no emotions C. emotions are of great importance for survival D. it takes time for animals to be conditioned
75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. Breast-feeding a baby is conditioned or reflective but have no emotional connection. B. Reflexes and conditioning will lead to a better understanding of animal emotions. C. Scientists usually apply reflexes and conditioning in explaining animal behaviors. D. Many evolutionary biologists believe that emotions are to some degree for survival. 76. To study animal emotions, scientists should ______.
A. analyze human emotions B. distinguish what is emotional C. set up improved experiments D. learn from animal behaviorists
77. What is the author’s main purpose of writing this passage?
A. To illustrate that emotions are worth our attention. B. To compare human emotions with animal emotions. C. To discuss the importance and usefulness of emotions. D. To explain what reflexive and conditioned behaviors are.
Section D
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
―In Scotland, illness treatment is considered urgent; in Canada, it's considered inevitable. However in America, it is resource-consuming.‖ Though the remarks seem like jokes, real data support the point. Medicare statistics, for example, reveal that we Americans lead the world in the
8
