millennium and the start of another 10 years. Over the past ten years, China’s economy maintained a successive 9% increase for nine years since the beginning of the 21st century and still a 8% growth in the last year of the past decade, albeit influenced by global financial storm.
Functioning like a mainstay that makes vigorous endeavors to turn the tide, China, once again, draws global attraction to the East. A silver lining is emerging again after a year-round practice. As long as all the mankind conquer adversities, override difficulties with collective wisdom, there is bound to be a way out.
2010年秋中口翻译部分
【E—C】
The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation.
美国的经济制度主要是私有制经济，其中，消费者、生产者和政府每天都主要通过价格体系来做出经济决策。正是这三者之间的能动关系才使经济得以运转。然而，市场的主要动力来自于生产者和消费者之间的关系，因此 “市场经济”得以成名。
As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.
通常，消费者总希望他们说花费的钱能够获得最大的价值；另一方面，生产者渴望能从他们所销售的商品中寻求最高的价格和利润。联邦、各州和地方各级政府的任务是加强公共安全，确保合理竞争，并提供一系列服务，因为他们相信这些服务性事业最好由国有企业来处理，而非私人企业。
Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible. 大致来看，企业分为三种：个体业主开办经营的企业、合伙企业和股份公司。前两者很重要，但只有最后一种企业才可以最大程度上把许多合作人员的投资筹集到一起，形成巨额资金。那些人作为股东，可以随时在公开市场上买卖他们所持有的股票。正是这种股份制公司使得开办大型企业成为可能。
5
简评：
经历了三次考试的小品文调整后，如同我们课堂中所预测的那样，今年秋季的考试题目终于回归了正常的轨道。英译汉出现了主旋律——经济类报刊型文章。其实这个主题一直是我们在课堂中练习和强调最多的，而且它和“小白本”（《中级翻译教程》）第三单元第一课《混合经济：美国的经济制度》相关度非常高，相信大家一定会觉得很熟悉。
在翻译过程中，主要难点在于句子顺序的调整/词语指称意义的确定/定语从句和后置分词的翻译。如： 第二个句子中末尾的on a daily basis, mainly through the price system在翻译中必须前置在汉语的谓语动词之前；dynamic interaction根据上下文及单词本身的意义，可以猜测出“能动”的意思；再如，Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. 在这个长句中，我们会发现后方的believed to be…是一个分词作后置定语，根据我们在英译汉第一讲最后提到的技巧，这里应该用上分割单独成句法，同理，后方的定语从句也要使用相同的手法处理。
【C—E】
说起上海老城，总会让人和古老传统的东西联系起来，比如明代的豫园和清代的城隍庙。上海建城有700多年历史，但最具人文发展历史的时期是开埠后的150年间，诸如华洋杂居、石库门、老字号等等，都发生在开埠后的上海。
The old town of Shanghai, when it is mentioned, is always associated with the past and the tradition, something such as the Yuyuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and the Town God’s Temple (or the City God Temple / Chenghuangmiao) in the Qing Dynasty. Despite a history of more than 700 years, it is the 150 years since its opening to foreign trades that enjoyed the most spelendid/ greatest humane development of Shanghai. During that period, scenes appeared such as the co-inhabitation of Chinese foreigners, the building of Shikumen, and the growth of time-honored firms.
流传于老城内外的民间文化，丰富多彩。著名的“上海老城人物风情画卷”生动地描绘了上海老城市民的生活百态。上海老城市历史文明与现代文明的兼容并蓄，无论上海城市发展如何日新月异，她仍将记录着上海城市发展的历史华章。
Various and colorful folk cultures have gained popularity in and out of Shanghai’s old town, which has been proved in the famous “The Painting Scroll of Local Residents in Shanghai’s Old Town”, a vivid depiction of the lives of local residents in every aspect. Despite the ever-changing advances of Shanghai, its old town, an inclusive combination of ancient and modern civilization, will still serve as a glorious chapter in the history of the development of Shanghai city.
简评：
今年的汉译英也摆脱了过去三次考试的小品文，终于回归了主旋律，介绍了关于上海地区的文化特色。其实，这个特点也是我们在翻译课堂上的开篇就讲过的地域特色，并且，我们曾经在课堂上给大家总结过三区的重要性：传统文化老区/经济新区/旅游景区，所以，这次考试中出现的“城隍庙/豫园”应该算是老朋友了，至于新出现的地名，大家也可以根据我们课堂上讲过的翻译技巧来应对。
在语言处理方面，我们希望大家还是要把握基本原则，即“找出言外之意的逻辑”。比如，第二段开头的两个句子，要看出是一个举例的关系。其次，在翻译汉译英的时候一定要善于去发现句子的真正主语，比如第一段的第二句，真正的主语应该是“150年”；第二段的第二句，真正主语为“老城区”而非字面上的“兼容并蓄”。第三，汉译英中要大量运用“词语转性”的技巧，如最后一部分的“日新月异”，汉语原文中是作谓语，可是在英语译文中应该转变成形容
6
词作定语，这一点在我们的课堂讲解中也一直是重点强调的内容。
另外，还需提出的是，汉译英中一直喜欢考察大家对于四字词语的处理方法，我们在课堂中也有专门讲解，当然，更需要大家持续不断的积累，比如本次考试中出现的“丰富多彩”“日新月异”“兼容并蓄”“历史华章”等，应该算是老朋友，做到脱口而出了。
2011春中口翻译汉部分
【C—E】
豫园是上海著名的古典园林，已有400多年的历史。花园设计独特，具有明清两代南方的建筑艺术的风格。园内共有40余景，景色自然迷人，亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。
豫园原为明代一位大官的私家花园，始建于1559年，直到20年后才建成。此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。所幸的是，从1949年上海解放时，园内的主要景点尚完好无损。从1956年开始，豫园经过多次修缮，重现其昔日光彩。 参考答案：
The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys a history of over 400 years. With delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 40 attractive scenic spots dot the garden, including pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one another. The Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its delicacy and elegance.
The Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming Dynasty. Its initial construction started in 1559, but it was not completed until two decades later. The Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes; fortunately, its major scenic spots remained intact in 1949 when Shanghai was liberated. The Garden regained its splendor after several renovations starting from 1956. [解析]
1.文章开头有三个“有”，我们可以追求全都不用have，而采用更精准的词，比如有400多年的历史，用enjoy, 第二个具有，表示具有什么的特色，可以转移成形容词：be characteristic of，或者boast. 第三个是“园内有40余景”，表示园内布满了这些景点，可以反过来用40个景色做主语，动作的“有”翻译成dot,装点。
2. 亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。
7
此处的元素较多，我们可以分清其中的关系：亭台楼阁和假山池塘是并列的关系，而它们达到的效果则是“和谐对称”，“协调均衡” 3.其布局之精致自古闻名江南。
江南在中文中听上去很好，但到了英文中如果翻的太清楚就变成了south of the Yangtze River, 失去了美感，不如也模糊地说成South China 4.其布局之精致自古闻名江南。
布局的英文是layout. 而精致的处理，既可以按照字面翻译成elegancy, 也可以翻译其意思： 所谓的布局的精致，在布局上投入大量的心思。
In the old days, And Yu Garden was famed in South China for the amount of thought put into its layout. 5. 私家花园
这里的花园可以不译，直接收成private property, 私人财产。 6. 直到20年后才建成
可以选择反译：but it was not completed until two decades later 也可以选择正译： which took twenty years to complete. 7. 此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。
变迁：vicissitudes. 如果忘记这个单词的拼写，可以选择解释：changes of times. 所以整句可以译成The Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes。 下面附上译文：
The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys a history of over 400 years. With delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 40 attractive scenic spots dot the garden, including pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one another. The Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its delicacy and elegance.
The Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming Dynasty. Its initial construction started in 1559, but it was not completed until two decades later. The Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes; fortunately, its major scenic spots remained intact in 1949 when Shanghai was liberated. The Garden regained its splendor after several renovations starting from 1956.
Being well proportioned, the endless mixture of pavilions and corridors, rockeries and ponds,
yields to a scene of harmonious symmetry. And Yu Garden is famed in South of Yangtze Delta for the amount of thought put into its layout.
8
