7. have it
(1).相当于say, insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说” 例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
(2).相当于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，获悉” 例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.
8. have what it takes在口语中，相当于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的条件” 例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star. 9. so it seems / appears.
10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做，不放弃” 例 My teacher asked me to keep at it. 11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞
12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.) 13. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.)
14. As it happened, … 在口语中，相当于it's a pity that…, 表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾” 例 As it happened, they were out.
15. As it turned out,…在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明是”
例 As it turned out, his statement was false.
16. Such as it is(they are) 在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much, 表示“虽然没有多大价值”
例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.
17. Take it/things easy. 相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”
例 Take it easy! He will do it well.
18. Take it from me.在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”
例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time. 19. For what it is worth…在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其价值如何”
例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.
20. Worth it 在口语中，相当于useful, 表示“有好处，值得做” 例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it. 21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. 22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃
例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. 23. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday? —It/That all depends.
24. It's up to sb. 在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
例 —Shall we go out for dinner? —It's up to you.
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配专练
1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? A.that B.while C.in which D.then (88)
2. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A.this B.that C.it D.he (89)
3. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A.this B.that C.its D.it (91)
4.Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it (91)
5. It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then (92)
6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better. A.that B.this C.one D.it (93)
7. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began. A.while B.which C.that D.since (94)
8. ______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A.There B.This C.That D.It (95)
9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty. A.until B.that C.then D.so (97)
10. I hate_____when people talk with their mouths full. A.it B.that C.these D.them (98)
11. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are. A.one B.that C.what D.it (2000)
12.I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one 13. —Do you like ___ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全国卷) A. this B. These C. That D. it
14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood. (全国卷) A. it B. One C. Himself D. another
15. The foreign Minister said, \北京)
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
16. _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京)
A. It B. As C. That D. What 17. — How often do you eat out?(2004, 天津) — ________, but usually once a week.
A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking 18. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite _____ as planed. (2004浙江卷) A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up
19. — What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends B. It's up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 20. It was ____ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn't go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn't go
KEYS:
1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA 11-15 ACDBD 16-20 BBBBC
第三章 高中英语语法中的省略现象
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下：
一、并列复合句中的省略
在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：
a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。
d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。
二、主从复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：
1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1) 连词（as, as if , once）+ 名词; (2) 连词（ though, whether , when）+形容词；(3) 连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语；(4) 连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词； (5) 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词； (6) 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式。如：
a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工 人，现在
变成一位著名的歌手。
b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。 c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。 d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。
e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。 f) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。 注意：
1) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略,如：
Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
2) 当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时 ，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如：
Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
2．定语从句中的省略
1） 一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that ,which , whom 可以省略；如： Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗？（2002上海春季）
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which , whom 不可以省略。试比较： Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill. ( whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了，你昨天见到他了。 2）在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词when ,where , 和 why 经常用that 来代替，甚至还可省略。如：
a) This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the boss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。 b) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
c) Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ? 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗？
3）当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ，从句不能用 how 来引导 ，应该用that 或 in which ，或将它们全部省略。如：
I don't like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。 3．宾语从句中的省略
1）在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句 ，那么只有第一个that可以省略。如：
a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。
b) He said (that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他说《 反分裂国家法》已被通过，而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。 2）由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引导的 宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。如： a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to
