专题 省略句和强调句
一、省略
考点一 不定式中的省略
1．感官动词或使役动词(feel，notice，see，hear，let，make，have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。
I heard my father sing in the kitchen.
2．在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。 I want to finish my homework and go home.
3．在某些形容词(如：glad，happy，pleased等)后面时常保留to而省略上文已提到的动词原形。 —Will you join us in the game? —I'd be glad to.
4．在do nothing but，can't help but，why not，would rather...than...，had better等句型中省略to。 The little boy could do nothing but cry.
5．to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式中有have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。
Susan is not what she used to be. 考点二 定语从句中的省略
1．在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词that，which，whom作从句中的宾语，可将关系代词省略。 Do you know the man (whom) our teacher spoke to?
2．先行词the way(关系词作状语)，time(次数)后的定语从句常省略关系词。 I don't like the way(in which/that) he spoke to others. I can't remember how many times (that)I have failed. 考点三 状语从句中的省略
1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词含有be时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。 When(he was) young，he helped his parents do a lot of housework.
2．当从句的主语是it，谓语动词是be动词时，可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词(if，unless，when，whenever)＋形容词”的结构。
Though (it was)cold，he still wore a shirt. Please call me if (it is)necessary.
3．if so/not省略句式中，用so/not代替上文的内容。
Get up early tomorrow.If not(＝If you don't get up early)，you will miss the early bus. 二、强调
考点一 强调句型的基本结构
1．强调句型“It is/was＋被强调的成分＋that/who＋其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等除谓语之外的成分。it在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换
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用who(强调宾语指人时也可用whom)。其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
It is I who/that am from America.
2．强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时、将来时的其他各种形式时，就用It is...，表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was...。
It was him that I met on the street yesterday. 考点二 强调句型的特殊结构
1．一般疑问句： Is/ Was it＋被强调部分＋that/ who＋其他部分(用陈述语序) Was it Tom that won the first prize?
2．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋该句的其余部分，that后只能使用陈述语序。 When was it that you met the pop star?
3．在“not...until”强调结构中，由until所引导的短语或从句作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It＋is/was＋not until...＋that＋该句的其余部分，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
It was not until you came back that I finished the work. 考点三 强调句与定语从句，主语从句，宾语从句的区别
强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即把“It is/was...that/who”去掉，如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。
1．强调句与定语从句的区别
定语从句中that是充当从句的成分的，而在强调结构中，that无任何意义。 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.(强调句，that无意义) It was the street that he took a photo of.(定语从句，that 充当从句中of的宾语) 2．强调句与主语从句的区别
主语从句中it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，去掉it be和that句式不完整。若为强调句式，去掉之后句式完整。
It is a fact that he is an honest man.(主语从句) It is he that is an honest man.(强调句) 3．强调句与状语从句的区别
尤其出现“it be ＋时间”时，一定要区分是强调句还是时间状语从句。 It was eight o'clock when he came back.(时间状语从句) It was at eight o'clock that he came back.(强调句) 考点四 do表强调
1．在一般句型中， do(does，did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，且需符合下列两个条件：一是句子是肯定句；二是句子中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过去时。此时的do可译为“真的”“果真”“的确”“确实”等。
You do look nice today.你今天看起来真的很漂亮。
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2．在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使对对方的邀请更加客气、热情、友好、亲切，此时的do可译为“务”“务必”等。
Please do sit down.务请坐下。
1．(2012·上海高考)—Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm? —No，it was by improving work efficiency.
A．when B．what C．how D．that
2．(2012·重庆高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A．when B．that C．after D．since
3．(2012·湖南高考)It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A．who B．that C．where D．before
4．(2011·陕西高考)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most.
A．who B．which C．that D．what
5．(2011·重庆高考)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? —Of course，I have.It was in our village ______ it was made. A．that B．where C．when D．which
6．(2011·湖南高考)It's not what we do once in a while ______shapes our lives，but what we do consistently. A．which B．that C．how D．when
7．(2011·全国高考Ⅱ)It was a nice meal，______ a little expensive. A．though B．whether C．as D．since
8．(2011·江苏高考)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.______，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
A．Otherwise B．If not C．But for that D．If so
9．(2013·河北保定八校联考)You ought to have thought of that，but you ______. A．haven't B．didn't C．don't D．can't
10．(2013成都高新区统一测试)—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport.Why didn't you drive him there?
—I ______.But my car ______.
A．would；was fixed B．would have；was fixed C．would have；was being fixed D．did；was being fixed 11．—Have you been to the Great Wall?
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—Perhaps not in my memory.______，it might have been during my early childhood. A．If any B．If ever C．If not D．If possible
12．(2013·辽宁鞍山模拟)In summer，food will go bad if ______ in room temperature. A．leaving B．left C．being left D．having left
13．(2013·北京朝阳期中)—He didn't feel a bit nervous when______. —No.He'd spent a lot of time preparing for it after all.
A．interviewing B．interviewed C．having interviewed D．to be interviewed 14．(2013·福建三明期中)—______ you write so well? —By reading and keeping diaries every day.
A．How is it B．What is it C．How is it that D．What is it that
15．(2013·山西山大附中期中)—Will you go to see the movie A Simple Noodle Story tomorrow evening? —No，I am going to a lecture，or at least I am planning ______. A．to B．so C．go D．that
16．(2013·甘肃天水模拟)Can you tell me ______ it was ______ your brother's cell phone was lost? A．where；that B．which；that C．that；where D．where；which 17．(2013·河北邯郸质检)—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? —Yes，______，I'm going to visit an old friend in the city. A．If ever B．If busy C．If anything D．If possible
18．(2013·四川成都外国语学校月考)Having an outdoor meal is always fun，but it can also be damaging to the planet if ______.
A．planned not carefully B．not planning carefully C．not planned carefully D．not to be planned carefully 19．Why was ______ that the old woman was sent to prison? A．he B．it C．that D．what
20．(2013·江西师大附中英语月考)Mr Green didn't understand ______made his daughter so absent-minded this morning.
A．how that was B．what was it C．why it was that D．what it was that 21．(2013·云南玉溪一中英语月考)I would have paid a visit to you ______ possible. A．if it were B．would it be C．had it been D．should it have been
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