Ó¢ÃÀÈË¡ª¡ª³éÏó˼ά ÖйúÈË¡ª¡ªÐÎÏó˼ά Abstraction
Thinking in terms of images
II.
Ó¢ÃÀÈË¡ª¡ªÖ±Ïß˼ά ÖйúÈË¡ª¡ªÇúÏß˼ά Thinking in linear way Thinking in circular way
ÓïÆªÖ¸Èκβ»ÍêÈ«Êܾä×ÓÓï·¨Ô¼ÊøµÄ¡¢ÔÚÒ»¶¨ÓᄈϱíʾÍêÕûÒâÒåµÄ×ÔÈ»ÓïÑÔ¡£Á½ÖÖÓïÑÔµÄÓïÆª¶àÊýÊÇ¿ÉÒëµÄ£¬Ò²ÓÐÉÙÊý²»¿ÉÒëµÄ¡£
Àý1¡£Why is the end of a dog¡¯s tail like the heart of a tree?Because it is farther from the bark.
Ϊʲô¹·Î²°ÍÏóÊ÷ÐÄ£¿ÒòΪËýÔ¶Àë·Í½Ð£¨Ê÷Ƥ£©¡£
Àý2£©
ÑîÁøÇàÇà½Ë®Æ½£¬ÎÅÀÉ´¬ÉÏ̤¸èÉù£» ¶«±ßÈÕ³öÎ÷±ßÓ꣬µÀÊÇÎÞÇéÈ´ÓÐÇé¡£ The willows are green, the river quiet, From afar comes your singing;
The sun shines in the east,the rain comes on in the west, Is it sunny or rainy?
I. ˼ά²îÒìµ¼ÖÂÓïÆªµÄÖ÷Òª²îÒ죺
1. Ó¢ÓïÓïÑÔ³£Ê¹ÓôóÁ¿µÄºÒå¸ÅÀ¨¡¢Ö¸³ÆÁýͳµÄ³éÏóÃû´ÊÀ´±í´ï¸´ÔÓµÄÀíÐԵĸÅÄî¡£¶øÖйúÈËÔòϰ¹ßÓÚʹÓþßÌå¡¢ÐÎÏóµÄ´ÊÓïÀ´±í´ïÐéµÄ¸ÅÄî¡£Ó¢ÓïÓïÑÔÆ«ÖسéÏó˼άµÄÒ»¸ö¼¯ÖбíÏÖ¾ÍÊÇ´óÁ¿Ê¹Óñ»¶¯Óï̬.
2. Ó¢ÓïÆªÕµÄ×éÖ¯ºÍ·¢Õ¹ÊÇ¡°Ö±ÏßÐÍ¡±£¬Ö±½ØÁ˵±µØ³ÂÊöÖ÷Ì⣬¼´°ÑÒªµãÏȱí´ï³öÀ´£¬È»ºóÔٰѸ÷ÖÖÐÞÊÎÓïºÍÆäËü´ÎÒªÄÚÈÝÒ»Ò»²¹³ä½øÀ´¡£ËùÒÔ£¬¾äʽ½á¹¹¶àÖ÷¾ä¡¢´Ó¾äÏ໥½»´í¡£ 3. ¶øÖйúÈËϰ¹ßÓÚ´Ó²àÃæËµÃ÷¡¢²ûÊöÍâΧµÄ»·¾³£¬×îºóµã³ö»°ÓïµÄÐÅÏ¢ÖÐÐÄ£¬¼´²»Ö±½ÓÇÐ
ÈëÖ÷Ì⣬ÏÈÔÚÖ÷ÌâÍâΧ¡°¶µÈ¦×Ó¡±»ò¡°ÅÔÇòà»÷¡±£¬×îºóÔÙ½øÈëÖ÷Ìâ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ººÓïµÄ±í´ï·½Ê½±»³ÆÎªÊÇ¡°ÇúÏßÐÍ¡±»ò¡°ÂÝÐýÐÍ¡±¡£µ«ººÓïµÄ¾äʽÒÔ¼òµ¥¾äΪÖ÷¡£ II. ¶Ô±È£ºÄÄÒ»¶ÎÊǵصÀµÄÓïÆª
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? Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:longing for love, the
search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.
? ¿ÊÍû°®¡¢Ñ°Çó֪ʶºÍ¶ÔÈËÀà¿àÄѵÄÉîÇÐͬÇ飬ÕâÊÇÖ§ÅäÎÒµÄÉú»îµÄ3ÖÖ¼òµ¥¶øÎÞ±ÈÇ¿ÁÒµÄ
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? My life is governed by three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong: the longing for love,
the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.
? 3ÖÖ¼òµ¥¶øÎÞ±ÈÇ¿ÁÒµÄÇé¸ÐÖ§Åä×ÅÎÒµÄÉú»î£¬ËüÃÇÊǶ԰®µÄ¿ÊÍû¡¢¶Ô֪ʶµÄѰÇóºÍ¶ÔÈËÀà
¿àÄѵÄÉîÇÐͬÇé¡£
III. Ó¢ººÓïÖÐÖ÷ÌåºÍ¿ÍÌåµÄÎÊÌâ
? Ó¢ÓïÑϸñÇø·ÖÖ÷ÌåºÍ¿ÍÌ壬ÒòΪӢÃÀÈË×¢ÖØ¿Í¹ÛÊÂÎï¶ÔÈ˵Ä×÷ÓúÍÓ°Ïì¡£Ó¢ÎĶàÓÃÎÞÉú
ÃüÃû´Ê×÷Ö÷ÓÖ÷¶¯ºÍ±»¶¯Óï̬ʹÓ÷ÖÃ÷¡£
? ÖйúÈË˼άÖÐÒÔÈËΪÖÐÐÄ£¬ËùÒÔ³£ÒÔÓÐÉúÃüµÄÃû´Ê×öÖ÷Ó²¢ÇÒ²»Ì«Çø·ÖÖ÷¡¢¿ÍÌ壬Ö÷¡¢
±»¶¯Óï̬³ÊÒþº¬Ê½¡£
Some examples:
? ½üÄêÀ´ÈÈÇéµÄ¶ÁÕß·×·×Öº¯¸÷µØ·½±¨Ö½£¬¶Ô±±¾©µÄ³ÇÊн¨ÉèÌá³öÁËÖÖÖÖ½¨Òé¡£ ? In recent years local newspapers have been sprinkled with passionate letters advising various suggestions on the urban construction of Beijing.
Another example
? It has long been maintained that it was only during his Harvard graduate years that Eliot developed his interest in primitive cultures.
? ÈËÃdz¤ÆÚÒÔÀ´¼á³ÖÈÏΪ£¬°¬ÂÔÌØ¶ÔÔʼÎÄ»¯µÄÐËȤÊÇËûÔÚ¹þ·ð¶ÁÑо¿ÉúµÄËêÔÂÀïÅàÑøÆðÀ´µÄ¡£
IV. Ó¢ÓïÖØÐκϣ¬ººÓïÖØÒåºÏ
? Ó¢Óï×¢ÖØÔËÓø÷ÖÖÓÐÐεÄÁª½áÊֶδﵽÓï·¨ÐÎʽÓëÂß¼ÐÎʽÁ½¸ö·½ÃæµÄÍêÕû£¬¸ÅÄîÖ¸´ú
·ÖÃ÷£¬¾ä×Ó×éÖ¯ÑÏÃÜ£¬²ã´ÎÃ÷È·£¬¾ä·¨¹¦ÄܳÊÍâÏÔÌØÕ÷¡£
? ººÓï±íÏÖÐÎʽÊÜÒâÄîÒýµ¼£¬¿´ÉÏÈ¥¸ÅÄî¡¢Åжϡ¢ÍÆÀí¶¼²»ÑÏÃÜ£¬¾ä×ÓËÉÉ¢£¬¾ä·¨¹¦ÄܳÊ
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Òþº¬ÐÎʽ¡£
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? ÔÚÓ¢ÓïÖУ¬¾ä×ӵĴÓÊô¹ØÏµ´ó¶àÊÇÓÃÁ¬½Ó´Êif, although, as soon as, as long as, because,
when, in order that, whatever, so ¼°so thatµÈ´ÊÃ÷È·µØ±íʾ³öÀ´¡£
? ÔÚººÓïÖУ¬Í¨¹ý¾ä×ÓÖ®¼äµÄÄÚ²¿Âß¼¹ØÏµ¿ÉÒÔ±í´ïÓ¢ÓïÖÐÄÇЩÁ¬½Ó´ÊËù±í´ïµÄÒâ˼¡£
Some examples:
? I can¡¯t trust him, because he is not honest. ? Ëû²»ÀÏʵ£¬ÎÒ²»ÄÜÐÅÈÎËû¡£
? The monks may run away, but the temple cannot run away. ? ÅÜÁ˺ÍÉУ¬Åܲ»ÁËÃí¡£ ? If you are dead, I will be a monk.
? ÄãËÀÁË£¬ ÎÒ¾Í×öºÍÉС££¨¡¶ºìÂ¥ÃΡ·£©
Two versions of translation:
? It had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and
some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peace time fall.
Àý£º·ÒëµÄÐκϺÍÒâºÏ
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ÄÇÊǸöÌìÆøÇçÀÊ¡¢½ð»Æ¿É°®µÄÇïÌ죬¶ÔÓÚÄÇЩÔÚºÍÆ½Ê±ÆÚµÄÇïÌìÊ÷Ò¶ÔÙ¶Èת»ÆÖ®Ç°½«ÒªÊ§È¥Çà´º¡¢ÓеÄҪʧȥÉúÃüµÄÈËÃÇÊÇÒ»¸ö¶¯È˵ÄËͱð¡£
?
ÄÇÊǸöÌìÆøÇçÀÊ¡¢½ð»Æ¿É°®µÄÇïÌ죬¶¯È˵ÄÇïɫΪÄÇЩÇàÄêÃÇËͱ𡣴ýµ½Õ¾ºóºÍƽʱÆÚ£¬»ÆÒ¶·×·ÉµÄÇïÌìÔÙ¶ÈÀ´ÁÙʱ£¬µ±ÈÕµÄÇàÄêÒѾʧȥÁËÇà´º£¬ÓеÄʧȥÁËÉúÃü¡£
Chapter Five Cultural Difference
1. Definition of culture
ÎÄ»¯ÊÇÒ»¸ö¸´ÔÓµÄ×ۺϣ¬°üÀ¨ÖªÊ¶¡¢ÐÅÑö¡¢ÒÕÊõ¡¢µÀµÂ¡¢·¨ÂÉ¡¢Ï°Ë×¼°Ò»¸öÈËÒÔÉç»áÒ»Ô±µÄ×ʸñËù»ñµÃµÄÆäËüÒ»ÇÐÄÜÁ¦¡¢Ï°¹ß¡£
Culture: the customs, beliefs, art, music, and all the other products of human thought made by a particular group of people at a particular time Two more phrases of culture Culture gap: difference in culture
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Culture shock: the shock of experiencing a different and unfamiliar culture 2. Ó¢ººÑÕÉ«´ÊÓï¼°ÆäÄÚºÒâÒåµÄ¶Ô±È Ó¢ººÓïÖÐijЩÑÕÉ«µÄ´ÊÓÔÚÆ½Ê±µÄÔËÓÃÖÐÆä¿Í¹ÛÉ«²ÊÒâÒåÒѾµ»¯£¬¶ø³£ÓÃÀ´±íʾ²»Í¬µÄÓ÷Òå¡£ÎÒÃÇÓ¦µ±×¢ÒâÕâÀàÓ¢ºº´ÊÓïµÄÒì֮ͬÍ⣬»¹Ó¦×¢ÒâÕâÀàÑÕÉ«´Ê²»ÄÜÖ±Ò룬ËùÒÔµ±ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃÕâЩ´Ê»ãʱ£¬Ó¦ÌرðÁôÒâÆäºÒå¼°·Ò룬²ÅÄÜ´ïµ½ÕýÈ·¶¯ÓÃ֮ĿµÄ¡£
white
1) Ó¢ÓïÖеġ°white¡±ÆäºÒå¿É±íʾ´¿½à¡¢ÃÀºÃ¡¢ÉÆÒâ¡¢ºÏ·¨¡¢¹«Æ½¡¢ÐÒ¸£¡¢ÇáÇáµÄ¡¢ÕþÖÎÉÏ·´¶¯µÈ£¬È磺 ? a white lie ? ÎÞ¶ñÒâµÄ»ÑÑÔ ? white coffee ? ¼ÓÅ£Ä̵Ŀ§·È ? white list
? °×Ãûµ¥(Ö¸ÊØ·¨ÈËÊ¿¡¢ºÏ·¨»ú¹¹µÈ) ? white room ? ×îÇå½àµÄ·¿ÎÝ ? white hope
? ΪijÍÅÌå(»ò) ³ÇÕò´øÀ´ÈÙÓþµÄÈË ? white wedding ? ¼ªÏéµÄ»éÀñ
? white man ÕýÖ±¸ßÉеÄÈË ? white magic
? ÓÐÃÀºÃ¶¯»úµÄħÊõ
? days marked with a white stone ? ÐÒ¸£µÄÈÕ×Ó
? An exception:a white elephant
2) ººÓïÖеġ°°×É«¡±ÆäºÒå±íʾÇå³þ¡¢Ã÷°×¡¢³ÂÊö¡¢´¿¾»¡¢ÎÞ´ú¼ÛµÄ¡¢ÎÞЧµÄ¡¢ÕþÖÎÉÏ·´¶¯µÄµÈ¡£
? ÕæÏà´ó°×
? the fact made clear ? °×³Ô
? eat sth without pay ? °×³Õ
? the foolish person ? ±í°×
? explain sth for oneself ? °×¶¡
? very common people ? °×ÑÛ
? the tired look ? ²»·ÖÔí°×
? not tell right or wrong ? °×³Õ
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