云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态C 高考语法填空：侧重时态和语态C A.虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法
虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句 If he were here, he might be able 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were) would/should/could/might do to help. What would you do if you were in his place？ If I had started a little earlier, would/should/could/migh与过去事had done 实相反 have done been more careful. 过去式 与将来事were to do/ 实相反 should do t do I would certainly go if I had time. 1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如： Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.
2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如： I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.
3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better. 二、“should＋动词原形”表示的虚拟语气
这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。
①Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) have a medical examination.
would/should/could/mighin a different way. If I were to do it, I would do it t I could have done it better if I had I would have caught the train. 简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。
②She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.
她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。 三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气
If only/It's (high) time (that)．..
wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。 ①I wish I could fly. 真希望我能飞。
②I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
③If only I had taken your advice! 要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！ （1）主谓一致
主谓一致的考察只能体现为对be动词或原形三单的考察 A.两个常考原则 1）就近原则
这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …，neither… nor …，not only… but also …等.例如：
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧.
Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts. 不仅仅是他，而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会. Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事. 2）就远原则
当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, together with, with等引导的词组时，谓语动词
这些词与前面的主语保持一致。
Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price. 最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了.
The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊.
The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.
The warehouse, with all its stockings, was burned last night. 昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了. B.并列主语的主谓一致
1．两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如： Tom and Jack were close friends. 汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。
2．两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
3．被every, each, many a, no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中，后一个限定词可省略。如：
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
4．一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：
What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality. 生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。
English and American literature are appealing to her. 英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力。
5．由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：
What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。
6．由or, nor, either...or，neither...nor, not only...but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：
One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。
Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage. 我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。
7．“单数名词＋with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except等＋名词”作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。 如：
Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight. 史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 除了一个老师和三个学生外，没有人在实验室里。 C.某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee等作主语时，动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing experiments. 全班学生正在做实验。
2．由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of来修饰，谓语动词的数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：
Your glasses are very nice. 你的眼镜很漂亮。
This pair of trousers is mine. 这条裤子是我的。
