大学生自主创业策略
摘 要
我们大学生自主创业，是缓解甚至解决大学生就业问题的一条可行之路。当前大学生自主创业的现状就是参与者少、旁观者多；从事的多是规模小的个体经营的行业，成功率低，存在的问题较多；大学生自主创业环境还不成熟，尚需采取各种措施，完善创业环境；大学生成功创业需要具备多方面能力，“知识、技能和创业者特质”这三种能力在大学生自主创业过程中相互补充又各自独立构成大学生自主创业关键能力；大学生创业在推进我国高等教育改革、缓解就业肾张、促进经济发展等方面发挥着重要作用，创业活动也日渐为广大学生所认同；但总体来说，我国的大学生创业水平还相对较低，也存在一些问题，需要在借鉴经验的基础上进行改进。本文通过分析当前形势和大学生自主创业的重要性，对大学生自主创业问题进行理性思考，并结合实际，阐述大学生创业的对策和思路。
［关键词］ 大学生 自主创业 策略
ABSTRACT
We college students' autonomous business, is to alleviate even solve the problem of university students' employment of a feasible way. The current situation of college students' own business is less, bystanders; more participants More in small scale of the individual operation is the industry, successful rate is low, problems more; College students' autonomous poineering environment still not mature, still need to take various measures to perfect poineering environment; College students do poineering work successfully requires abilities, \skills and entrepreneurs characteristics on these three ability in the process of starting college students' autonomous mutually complementary and independent constitute self-constituted entrepreneurial key ability; University student's pioneering work in promoting education reform, ease China's higher employment renal zhang, promote economic development plays a very important role and more entrepreneurial activity for students to have approval; But overall, our students in business level is relatively low, also some problems need to be conducted on the basis of experience improvement. Through analyzing the current situation and college students the importance of self-employed of college students, the rational thinking on their own problems, and connecting with the reality of the university student's pioneering work, this paper expounds the countermeasures and ideas.
[Key Words] College students self-employed strategy
目 录
一、大学生自主创业的目的和意义 ·············································································（1）
（一）自主创业的定义和目的 ·············································································（1） （二）大学生自主创业对自身和社会的意义 ························································（1） 二、影响大学生是否选择创业的因素··········································································（1）
（一）家庭影响 ··································································································（2） 1、家庭经济条件 ································································································（2） 2、家庭教育 ·······································································································（2） （二）学校影响 ··································································································（3）
（三）社会影响 ··································································································（4） 1、政策影响因素 ································································································（4） 2、社会舆论影响 ································································································（5） 三、大学生自主创业过程中面临几大问题···································································（6） （一）个人素质方面 ···························································································（6） 1、知识理论往往与实践脱轨···············································································（6） 2、缺乏必要的经济方面知识···············································································（6）
（二）外部环境方面 ···························································································（6） 1、资金难求 ·······································································································（7） 2、缺乏专业的创业指导服务机构········································································（7） 3、高校未能充分发挥其作用···············································································（7） 4、学业事业平衡难·····························································································（7） 5、缺乏社会组织的支持······················································································（8） 6、政府政策实施难度较大 ··················································································（8） 四、促进大学生自主创业的对策·················································································（8） （一）提高大学生创业能力 ················································································（8）
1、先导：转变就业观念······················································································（8） 2、重点：提示基础能力······················································································（9） 3、关键：强化专业能力······················································································（10） 4、核心：培养差异性能力 ··················································································（10） （二）营造有利于大学生自主创业的社会环境 ····················································（11） 五、大学生自主创业的策略选择·················································································（12） （一）理性选择创业的项目 ················································································（12）
1、要做到稳、准、狠 ·························································································（12） 2、选择创业项目首先是选自己 ···········································································（13） 3、选项目要花功夫·····························································································（13） 4、选项目要有特色·····························································································（13） （二）选择最优的创业策略 ················································································（14） 1、“逆反”策略 ··································································································（14） 2、创新策略 ·······································································································（14） 3、弱者策略 ·······································································································（15） 4、独特策略 ·······································································································（16） 5、强项策略 ·······································································································（16） 参考文献····················································································································（18）
大学生自主创业策略
一、大学生自主创业的目的和意义 （一）自主创业的定义和目的
我们所说的自主创业，是指劳动者主要依靠自己的资本、资源、信息、技术、经验以及其他因素自己创办实业，解决就业问题。
大学生创业是解决就业难问题的有效途径。表面看，大学生就业难是由于高校经过多年扩招，大学毕业生人数急剧增长，使越来越多的大学生面临就业难的问题。但一个重要的深层次原因是大学生创业意识淡薄、创业能力不强，毕业生创业比例太小。创业不足导致新兴产业少、新生企业少，进而难以创造新的工作岗位。事实表明，没有创业，难有就业。随着高等教育大众化程度的提高，将有越来越多的高校毕业生进入就业市场，大学毕业生的就业压力将不断加大，单纯通过“等、靠、要”的方式依赖政府解决就业问题已经是根本不可能的了，也是完全不应该的。而通过加强创业教育，培养大学生的创业精神、创业能力，鼓励大学生到生产一线积极创业，无疑是解决大学生就业问题乃至社会就业问题的一种行之有效的途径。我们之所以提倡大学生创业，除了创业不失为缓解目前就业压力的一条解决途径外，更重要的是引导大学生要具有一种敢于开拓的创业精神。
（二）大学生自主创业对自身和社会的意义
在当今中国的教育体制和就业背景下，大学生创业一方面可以增强大学生自己的动手操作能力、组织协调能力、心理承受能力、团队合作精神和社会适应能力，另一方面也是解决大学生自己就业问题的一个比较现实的选择。大学生自主创业还是缓解大学生就业压力，构建和谐社会的需要、是带动全民创业的需要、是推动高校创业教育改革与发展的需要、是实现自我价值的需要。
二、影响大学生是否选择创业的因素 （一）家庭影响
在大学生是否选择自主创业这个问题上，学生的家庭情况会有相当大的影响。调查显示，参加过创业活动的学生中，82.16%认为家庭对他们创业产生过影响。这一影响又可分成物质和非物质两类。物质影响包括初期资本积累和信息、人脉资源等；非物质影响包括家庭教育和榜样效应。在各种家庭因素中，家庭经济条件和家庭教育是最主要的两种影响因素。
1、家庭经济条件
家庭经济条件好的大学生在创业遇到困难时会更加自主，敢于冒
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