7．We’ll have to stay at home because the bad weather.because后加上of 8．More than one person have a good command of English in the research unit.have→has 9．They began to think about that what use could be made of this chance.去掉that 10．This song is based an old folk song.based后加上on Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练
There are three useful tips.(素材来源于2014·安徽·书面表达) (1)Here are three useful tips.(用here位于句首的倒装语序改写句子) (2)The three useful tips are as follows. (用as从句改写句子)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical depression.That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings.They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.Doctors use the word “clinical depression” to describe severe form of depression.Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities，low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.
In the new study，American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters(仓鼠) to different colors.The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal，which means they sleep during the day and are active at night.
The animals were separated into four groups.One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their night-time period.Another group was placed in front of a blue light，a third group slept in front of a white light，while a fourth was put in front of a red light.
After four weeks，the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank.They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water.
Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University.He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed.“What we saw is that these animals didn’t show any sleep uneasiness at all but they did mess up biological clock genes and they did show depressive sign，while if they were in the dim red light，they did not.”
Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive(感光的) cells in the eyes have little to do with eyesight.He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle.
He says there’s a lot of blue in white light.This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness. 1．Researchers use hamsters in the experiment because . A．they are similar to humans in dealing with colors B．they are easy to observe and study
C．they are sensitive to colors like human beings D．they are active at night and sleep during the day 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。第二段说，选择仓鼠作为实验对象是因为它们白天睡觉，夜间活动，因此选D。
2．What sign shows that the hamsters are depressed? A．They drink less sugary water. B．They don’t sleep well. C．Their eyesight becomes worse. D．Their energy level becomes low. 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。第四段说，研究人员发现喝糖水最少的仓鼠最为抑郁，因此选A。 3． tends to cause hamsters to be depressed. A．Dim light C．Blue light 答案 C
解析 细节理解题。第五段说，在蓝色和白色灯光下睡觉的仓鼠表现得最为抑郁，因此选C。 4．What can help people who work late at night to avoid being depressed? A．Not being exposed to dim red light when using computers. B．Equipping their computer screen to put it more in the reddish light. C．Living or working in low levels of light overnight.
D．Going to see doctors of clinical depression regularly for help. 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。最后一段说，生活在蓝色和白色灯光下的仓鼠比生活在红色或黑暗中的仓鼠更抑郁，因此在红色光线中工作能防止抑郁，故B项正确。
B
Welcome to the world of multitasking—a place where the measure of a person is how many jobs they can perform at the same time.In fact，if experts are to be believed，multitasking is a disastrous idea.
One of the opponents of multitasking is Dr.Clifford Nass，a professor at Stanford University.“People who multitask frequently are less able to pay attention；they’re worse at managing their memory，” he said.In his opinion，the loss that we get with multitasking is
B．Red light D．Darkness
harmless in some situations，for example，part of doing business in the digital world；but you can’t do serious work like writing，thinking or solving an important problem this way.You do worse even as you think you’re doing better.All the time the research points to a simple fact：the brain cannot cope.When you stop midway through composing a report to check an email，you force your brain to stop and regroup.It is like pressing the pause button during a movie，meaning the film takes longer to watch.
And as for Dr.Nass，the problems extend beyond the brain.Young people who frequently multitask are not as socially and emotionally healthy as those who don’t.They just feel more emotionally satisfied and the feeling is so good and they are bound to desire it again.Todd Oppenheimer，a writer said，“We’ve become a very short-term society and don’t reward people for taking a lot of time on something.” He fears we may end up losing the next generation of great thinkers.“It’s really unfortunate because the long-term challenges of our world—environmental issues，financial issues—require people to think wisely about the long-term consequences of what they do.And it’s no coincidence that the kind of people who do think long-term don’t multitask.”
5．According to Dr.Nass，multitasking . A．makes the performance emotionally affected only B．contributes to memorizing various things
C．may result in losing the next generation of great thinkers D．can be performed using digital tools 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。关于同时做很多事，第二段说在有些情况下，比如在数字化的世界里做生意(doing business in the digital world)是无害的，因此选D。文章说同时做很多事会影响我们在人际交往和情感方面的健康(A错)；会使我们记性更差(B错)；一位叫Todd的作家说这样可能会使我们失去未来一代伟大的思想家(C错)。 6．From the passage，we can tell . A．the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless
B．we mistakenly believe that we’re doing better by switching between tasks C．multitasking does harm to us in every area
D．for every task you add to your multitasking，you can finish your goal more quickly 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。文章开头说，“欢迎来到同时做很多事的世界，在这里，对一个人的衡量标准是他能同时开展多少项工作”，接着说，这个想法实际上害人不浅，因此B项正确；从第二段可知A、C错，因为multitasking有时是无害的，有时则会妨碍我们；第二段最后
一句通过打比方的方式告诉我们，这样会使事情做得更慢(D错)。 7．Which of the following is a multitasking addict?
A．You turn your cellphone to silence when you’re out to dine with friends. B．You watch from start to finish without distraction when playing a DVD.
C．You have your office desk covered with paperwork from various unfinished projects. D．You feel that when you try to do too much at once，the result always suffers. 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。从本题四个选项的陈述看，A、B、D都是专心在做一件事，C项说办公桌上放着各种没有完工的项目的文书工作，这里的various unfinished projects属于multitasking。故选C。
8．The author mainly wants to tell us . A．the less you switch，the better you do
B．it is more efficient to do things all in a mixed way C．it takes longer for us to become a great thinker
D．we shouldn’t be lazy if we want to accomplish many tasks 答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。全文通过斯坦福大学一位教授的话告诉我们，同时做很多事不仅不能提高工作效率，反而对我们的健康不利，因此A项“角色转换越少，做得就越好”是本文的主题。 Ⅱ.阅读填空
Don’t just stand there
You’re rushing to work and a man ahead of you suddenly falls down and becomes unconscious on the sidewalk.Do you stop to help？In a study of bystanders，it was found that some people keep on walking rather than stop and get involved.
“There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed，”says Ervin Staub，a psychologist.“ 9 ” Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping. ◆Why should I be the one to help？I’m probably not the most competent person in this crowd. ◆ 10 I don’t want to be embarrassed.
◆No one else looks concerned；this must not be a problem.
Time and again，good and caring people fail to come to the aid of others.Why?
11 Let’s say you see vapors coming out of a building.You ask yourself，“Is it steam or smoke？” If you are not sure，you look to other people for a clue about how to react.If you see other people are doing nothing，you think，“Of course，that’s just steam.”You don’t want it
to be smoke，because then you would have to do something about it.
Another well-known deterrent(制止物) to action is known as “the bystander effect”． 12 For example，if you are the only person in the world who can act to save someone in a dangerous situation，you are more likely to act.
“If you spot trouble，force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on，”says Ervin Staub.“ 13 You don’t have to take on the entire res- ponsibility of being helpful.Once you take action，most people will also help.” A．Then try to involve other people. B．Our society is becoming less sensitive. C．What if the person doesn’t really need help? D．No one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others.
E．The first thoughts that come into your mind often keep you from offering help.
F．One thing we do know is that the more ambiguous a situation is，the less likely people are to help.
G．This says that the more people there are observing an emergency，the less responsible each one of them personally feels.
答案 9.E 10.C 11.F 12.G 13.A Ⅲ.写作素材(关于英语)
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用so that引导的目的状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句。
14．目前，英语在我们的生活中起重要作用。
At present，English plays an important part in our daily life.
15．我们应充分利用每一次机会来练习英语，这样我们就能逐渐扩大词汇量和流利地讲英语。 We should make full use of every opportunity to practise English so that we can gradually enrich our vocabulary and speak English fluently. 16．如果你掌握好英语，对你将来的发展是有好处的。
If you have a good command of English，it is good for your future development.
