Translation
1. I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out. 2. The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes. 3. All roads lead to Rome. 4. I meant to give you that book today but I forgot to bring it with me. 5. I was on the verge of accepting his advice. 6. Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly Part Four Writing and Translation Translation Practice
1. Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives. They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruin friendships bring misery. 2. They are many ways to avoid misunderstandings.
A. Do not use words that may have double meanings. B. Express ideas and pronounce words clearly. C. Emphasize the main points. D. Don’t pretend to understand when you don’t. E. Ask for clarification when not clear about the meaning. F. Be aware of the gender differences in communication.
3. Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are careful enough. Life without misunderstandings will be better and happier. 第三单元
生而为赢（生而成功）
任何事都不可能由别人来教你，只能在别人的帮助下靠自己去发现。 ---伽利略
每个人生来都是独特的，一个先前从未存在过的崭新的个体。每个人天生具有要在生活中赢得成功的能力。每一个正常人都可以观察，倾听，触摸，体味，并且思考自己的事情。每个人都有自己的潜在性—能力和局限性。每个人都可以凭自己的努力成为举足轻重、会思考、明事理、和创造性成果颇多的人，即一个成功者。
成功者和失败者这两个词有多种意思。当我们把一个人成为成功者时，我们所指的并不是那种通过优势控制他人、令其失败而获得成功的人。而是一个做出真诚回应的人，无论是作为个体还是社会的成员他都值得信赖、行动迅速。失败者是一个未能作出真诚回应的人。
很少有人是绝对的成功者或失败者。这（成败）只是个程度的问题。然而，当一个人一旦具备了成为成功者的能力时，（他）经常获得成功的可能性就会更大。
对成功者来说成就并不是最重要的，最重要的是真诚。一个真诚的人知道自己的独特之处，同时也尊重他人的独特性。
成功者不惮于独立思考,也不惮于独立运用知识。他能够区分哪些是事实,哪些是观点，同时并不宣称洞察一切。他倾听他人的意见，琢磨他们的话语，却能得出自己的结论。 成功者能灵活变通。他遇事不会采用已有的、刻板的方式行事。他会根据形势的需要相应地变更计划。成功者热爱生活。他乐于工作、喜爱游玩、享受美食、欣赏他人和大自然带来的乐趣。他享受成功的乐趣而问心无愧;他分享他人的成就而心无芥蒂。
成功者关心天下、关注他人。他关注社会上普遍存在的问题。他努力提高生活质量，即使面对国内或国际上的难题，他也不会感到无能为力。他竭尽力之所能，使这个世界变得更美好。 即使人们生来注定会成功，但也是生来就要完全依赖于周围环境的。成功者顺利地完成从依赖到独立的转变。失败者则没有做到这一点。在这一过程的某个时候失败者开始回避独立。这种情况通常始于童年时期。营养不良、非人道待遇、不愉快的人际关系、疾病、长期的失望、以及身体护理不足等经历都会促使人们称为失败者。
失败者不善于通过一系列可能采取的作为来恰当地展现自己，这阻碍了他获取成功。如果他所选择的生活道路毫无前途的话，他可能不知道对自己的生活还可以有其他选择。他不敢尝试新事物。他不仅重复自己的错误而且常常重复自己家庭和文化群体的错误。 一个失败者很难去爱别人，也很难得到别人的爱。他不和他人建立亲密、真诚、直接的关系。相反，他试图使别人按照他的期望生活，也努力使自己按他人的期望生活。 Unit 3
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1). Introduction
(para.1) Each person has the potential to win in his own way. 2) The meanings of “winner” and “loser” (para. 2) A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive. A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely. 3) Few people are winners and losers all the time. (para 3) 4) Winners (para. 4-7) Characteristics of a winner:
a. A winner is genuine. b. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. c. A winner is flexible. d. A winner has a love for life. e. A winner cares about the world and its people.
5) Loses (para. 8-10) Possible causes: Poor nutrition cruelty unhappy relationships disease continuing disappointments and inadequate physical care. Characteristics of a loser: a. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. b. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.
2. Understanding Specific Information 1) c 2) D 3)A 4)B 5) C Vocabulary
1) appreciate a. be thankful o grateful for 感激b. recognize and enjoy the good qualities or worth of 欣赏， 赏识
2）capacity a. the amount that sth can hold or contain 容量，容积， 容纳力 3) channel a. n. a particular television station 频道b. v. direct sth towards a particular purpose 把?.导向，引导， 集中
4) contribute a. join with others in giving 捐献，捐赠，贡献出b. help in causing a situation event or condition有助于，促成
5). Flexible a. that can bend or be bent easily有弹性，柔韧的b. that can change or be changed to be suitable for new needs灵活的，可变通的
6). Guilt a. the fact of having broken a moral rule or official law罪，罪行b. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 内疚，自责，悔恨
7) potential a. adj. likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future潜在的，可能的b. n. the inherent ability for growth and development潜力，潜能8) rigid a. stiff not easy to bend硬的，不易弯曲的b. firm or fixed difficult to change or unwilling to change严格的，刻板的 2.
achieve –achievement expect –expectation Depend—dependence limit—limitation/limit Cruel—cruelty unique—uniqueness Genuine—genuineness respond—response Aware—awareness disappoint—disappointment Capable—capability behave—behavior
1)expectation 2)limitations 3)capability 4)achievement 5)response 6)awareness
6)behavior 7)disappointment 9)cruelty 10)dependence 3.
1)entered into 2)channeled?into 3)holds/held back 4)unaware of 5)separates?from 6)referred to?as 7)lived up to 8)calls for 9)contributes to 10)see/saw?as Translation
1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure. 2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness. 3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting. 5. Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words. 6. Once she has made her decision no one can hold her back. 7. It’ll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain. 8. The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field. Part Four Writing and Translation
1. Failure is the mother of success. 2. Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win. 3. Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now. 4. One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly. 5. A successful person doesn’t ask for things from others. On the contrary/Instead he will ask himself: “What can I leave to this world?” 6. A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society not the one who is the richest or the most famous. 第四单元
人体内有医生吗？
1 当你去看病时，你总希望走时能拿到一张药方。知道你能得到一些药，你会感觉好些。但是医生清楚并不是所有情况都需要用药。有时病人所需要的只是一个一切都会好的保证。在这种情况下，医生可能就会开安慰剂。2 安慰剂可以是糖丸，无害的针剂，或者空的胶囊。尽管安慰剂中没有任何药的成分，但似乎也能使人康复。病人以为这就是药，然后开始好转。这究竟是怎么回事呢？3 安慰剂的研究揭示了一个有关人体怎样自愈的新知识领域。就好像我们每个人体内都有一个医生一样。这位“医生”能治好我们的病，如果我们让他治的话。4 但是，我们仍然不清楚安慰剂究竟是如何治病的。有些人说，它能起作用是因为人脑会欺骗自己。这些人说如果能使人脑上当, 误以为得到了药物治疗，那么人脑就会像真
