大工11春《大学英语1(远程英语1)》辅导资料八

2026/4/30 4:53:11

《大学英语1(远程英语1)》辅导资料八

主 题:第六单元 饮食

学习时间:2011年5月30日-6月5日 内 容:

本周学习的主要内容是西方的饮食文化,了解西餐的习俗和礼仪,掌握有关西方饮食文化的词汇和搭配。

一、学习要求

1.了解西方的饮食文化,习俗和礼仪; 2.掌握有关西方饮食文化的词汇;

二、主要内容

(一)西餐礼仪,上菜次序

西餐的上菜次序一般是开胃菜(appetizer),汤(soup),鱼(fish),主菜(main course),甜品(dessert),酒(wine)。

西方人一般不吃熟透的牛肉,牛排的做法有:

rare指全生的,medium半熟的,well-done全熟的,七、八分熟的。 礼仪方面要注意刀、叉、汤匙的使用,比如说要右手持刀,左手持叉,放下刀叉时要摆成“八”字型,刀刃朝向自己,表示还要继续吃。另外,在西方使用汤匙喝汤的时候,是从里向外盛,也就是从自己这一方向前方盛,而且喝的时候不能发出声音。

还要学会如何在西餐厅点餐。 餐厅的服务员,我们一般用waiter(男服务员)或者waitress(女服务员),点菜的时候一般说I would (I'd ) like to have…

(二)需要掌握的词汇和搭配

1. on the run 在逃,奔波,跑着

on the run的基本含义是逃跑,奔波,另外还有被打得惨败的意思。 An army spokesman claims the militants are on the run. 一名军方发言人说,武装分子正在逃跑。

The prisoners have now been on the run for three days. 囚犯已经逃跑三天。

His opponents believe he is definitely on the run. 他的对手确信他必将大败。

由run这个词构成的搭配很多,在本学期的学习中我们只需要掌握on the run的用法,基础比较好的同学可以多掌握和积累一些其他的常用搭配:

(1)in the long/short run 从长远的角度说或者短期内…

Sometimes expensive drugs or other treatments can be economical in the long run. 从长远角度来说,有时使用昂贵药物或其他治疗方案可能经济些。

In fact, things could get worse in the short run. 事实上,事态可能会在短期内恶化 (2)run short of… 用光

常用于现在进行时态和完成时态,表示某物就要用没或已经用没了。 We are running short of drinking water.我们的饮用水就要没了。 They have run out of ideas.他们没辙了。

We had lots before but now we've run out.之前有很多,但现在已经用光了。

Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out. 情况越来越糟,供给就要用光了。

(3)run across…无意中遇到… ,偶然碰见…

We ran across/run into some old friends in the village. 我们在村子里遇到了几个老朋友。

(4)run away 可以指逃离,一般是因为不开心而离开。

I ran away from home when I was sixteen.我16岁就离家出走了。

After his beating Colin ran away and hasn't been heard of since. 挨打之后,科林就跑了,从此杳无音信。 run away with sb.可以指私奔

She ran away with a man called McTav last year.

去年她和一个叫麦克塔的人私奔了。

He and I were always planning to run away together.

我和他总是计划要一起逃走。 (5)run into

run into可以表示无意中遇到某人,但是多数时候指遇到了意外的事情或问题,还可以指撞在某处。

He ran into Kerner in the corridor a few minutes later. 几分钟后,他在走廊遇到了科纳。

They agreed to sell last year after they ran into financial problems. 他们去年遇到经济问题的时候同意售出。

The driver ran into a tree. 司机撞在了树上。 2. at a fast pace 快节奏地,快速地 其他的常见搭配还有at a snail's (蜗牛) pace表示慢吞吞地,at a cracking pace表示敏捷迅速地,at one's own pace表示以某人自己的速度。

They set off at a cracking pace. 他们很快就出发了

The student works at his own pace. 这个学生按照自己的节奏工作。 I set off at a snail's pace to conserve my energy for later in the race.

我慢吞吞地出发了,以为比赛后期储存能量。

These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace. 这些变化对我来说发生的太快了。

另外一个常用的搭配是keep pace with...,表示与...保持相同的变化速度。

Farmers are angry because the rise fails to keep pace with inflation.

农民们很焦虑,因为上升的幅度和膨胀不一致。

He kept pace with the leaders.他和领导步调一致。

3. ignore 忽视,不理睬

The government has ignored the problem. 政府忽略了这个问题。

She sat at her desk and studiously ignored me. 她坐在自己的座位上,故意不理我。

She said her husband ignored her.她说她丈夫不理她。

I smiled at her but she just ignored me.我对她微笑,她却不理我、 How can the government ignore the wishes of the majority? 政府怎么能够置大多说人的愿望于不顾。

4. atmosphere 空气,气氛

本意是大气,可以用…atmosphere between…and…,表示在某些人之间有种…样的气氛,还可以用atmosphere加上一个表示紧张,祥和,热烈或敌意气氛的名词:

The atmosphere of the city is very much polluted. 城市空气严重污染。 Since their argument there had been a strained atmosphere between them. 从他们争吵以来,他们之间就一直有种紧张的气氛。

There's still an atmosphere of great hostility and tension in the city.

城里仍然有种剑拔弩张的紧张气氛。 The talk was conducted in a cordial atmosphere. 会谈是在热情友好的气氛中进行的。

She tries to create an atmosphere of calm and security for her children.

她尽量为孩子们创造一种平和安全的氛围。

5. diversity 多样性

我们常用a (great/wide) diversity of …表示各种各样的… He wants to gather a diversity of materials. 他要收集各种各样的资料

There is a wide diversity of views on this subject. 大家对这个问题的观点各不相同。 6. 掌握西方国家饮食相关的一些词汇 cookies 饼干 turkey 火鸡 taco 墨西哥煎玉米卷 peanut 花生 butter黄油 jelly 果子冻 wine 葡萄酒 whisky 威士忌 champagne 香槟 hamburger 汉堡 hot dog 热狗 pizza 披萨

egg roll 蛋卷 apple pie 苹果派 steak 牛排 beef牛肉

dessert 甜品 appetizer开胃菜 7. variety 多样化,品种

形容词形式是various,常用的搭配是variety of There is a wide variety of birds on the island. 岛上有各种各样鸟类。

People change their minds for a variety of reasons.

人们会因为各种原因改变主意。

Work on the production line is monotonous and lacks variety. 在生产线工作既无聊又单调。

The article was about the different varieties of Spanish spoken in South America.这篇文章介绍的是各种类型的南美西班牙语。

She does a variety of fitness activities.她做各种各样的健身运动。 The equipment could be used for a variety of educational purposes. 这个装置可以用来达到各种教育目的。

The author gave various reasons for having written the book. 作者说出了成书的各种原因。

Various people whom we weren't expecting turned up at the meeting. 出乎我们的意料,来参加会议的人各种各样。

Bricks and dishes are made from various kinds of clay. 砖和盘子由各种粘土制成。

This city is noted for its various bridges. 这个城市因为各种桥梁而著称。

8. a range of 一系列,表示同一类别里各式各样的… range前面还可以加表示范围的形容词,例如a wide range of,a broad range of,an acceptable range of,a full range of,a new range of等等。 It's an electric drill with a range of different attachments. 这是一个带有各种配件的电钻。

range的其他搭配还有beyond/within the range of…,表示超出…范围或在…范围之内。

This car is beyond the range of most people's pockets. 这辆车(的价格)超出了大多数人所能承受范围。

The level of mistakes is within the acceptable range of standards for a public organization.

错误的程度没有超出公共机构制定的可接受标准。

The company is launching a new range of cosmetics. 公司上市了一系列新化妆品。

Students can choose from a wide range of options. 学生选择的范围很广。

We provide a full range of financial services.我们提供全套的金融服务。

A wide range of colors and patterns are available.有各种颜色和样式选择。

The two men discussed a range of issues.这两个人讨论了一系列的问题。 There is a wide/whole range of opinions on this issue.大家对此看法不一。

三、重要考点 (一)选择题

1. --Are you ready to order, sir? --I _____ have a dry red wine.


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