standards traditionally handed down in his community.
2、It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief against our neighbour's superstition.
参考翻译：
1、个人的生活史首先是适应他的社团世代相传形成的生活方式和准则。
2、我们首先需要达到这样一种成熟的程度：不用自己的信仰去反对我们邻居的迷信。
1、Apart from moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer.
2、It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that nothing particularly alarming is happening to its companions.
参考翻译：
1、且不说道义问题，这本身就是一种愚蠢的训练方法，因为这种方法训练会使动物反感，在以后某个时期可能会变成伤人的动物。
2、然后给它以充足的食物和水，一定不要惊扰它，以便让他能适应新居的气氛，并且看到自己的同伴身上没有发生让自己担惊受怕的事。
be left with 被留有
He argued that the odds were 50,0000 to 1 against six stars being placed as close together as those in the constellation Pleiades ——their placement had to have been a deliberate act of the Creator.
谁能帮我翻一下，谢谢了。
1、odds是可能性： the probability that one thing is so or will happen rather than another
2、six stars being placed as close together as those in the constellation Pleiades being placed as close as......和什么排列得一样紧 constellation Pleiades 昴宿星团
六颗星星排列得像昴宿星团上的星星那么紧密
3、their placement had to have been a deliberate act of the Creator 虚拟语气。
their是指前面的constellation Pleiades
这个星座上的星星排列得异常紧密，因此被认为是造物主故意的安排（deliberate act of the Creator）
综上，这个句子翻译如下：
他认为六颗星星能排列得像昴宿星团上的星星那么紧密的概率仅仅是五十万比一。昴宿星团上星星的摆放一定是造物主的刻意为之。
1.This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually 'die of old age', and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favour of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty.
参考翻译：
生命力随着时间的流失而衰退叫做衰老。人类发现的最不愉快的一个事实是：人必然会衰老。既使我们能避开战争、意外的事故和各种疾病，我们最终也会“老死”；衰老的速度在人与人之间相差甚微，我们最可能死亡的年龄在65至80岁之间。
Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders.
参考翻译：
现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性，对教育机构投资，收回的?利息?便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年，这些人可能成为未来的栋梁。
There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.
参考翻译：
六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹；美丽的落日总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象，这景象未及饱览便一闪即逝，并在消逝中给人留下了不可名状的渴望和惆怅。
关于结构
There is nosky in June so blue that it does notpoint forward to a bluer 双重否定，表示肯定
所以这个句子的意思是The blue sky in June point forward to a bluer(one). 后面的no sunset也是一样
and in passing leaves an indefinable longling and regret in passing，passing表示流逝的过程
point (forward) to = suggest：暗示、显示、使想到
If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected.
参考翻译：如果有两组人，一组人连续几夜在眼球活动时被叫醒；另一组人也是连续几夜被叫醒，但是在眼球没活动时被叫醒的。结果，第一组人开始出现性格失常，而第二组人似乎没受什么影响。
several nights on end:连续几夜
on end:Continuously
1.It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sportand a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.
参考翻译：它在整个法国蔓延开来。野兔在法国一般不被当作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野兔被当作有害的动物，可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。
今天这翻译不算难，但是有个别小地方要注意，这些小地方很可能是得分点,一个是sport：done for enjoyment rather than as a job or for food for survival 娱乐、玩乐,一个是equally，表示野兔和家兔都容易感染，但是只有家兔是赚钱的工业基础
出自新4的Lesson 16 The modern city 现代城市
It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.
参考翻译：现代工业发展起来了，却根本没想到操作机器的人的本质。工厂把一种人为的生存方式强加给工人，却不顾及这种生存方式给工人及其后代带来的影响。 without any idea of，完全忽视
without giving any consideration to，完全不考虑
句首的it没有上下文，不好翻，原文中是指现代工业
Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking. 参考答案：
比如，很多公司向图书馆借阅科技书籍时感到困难，因为它们不愿让人家记下它们公司的名字和借阅的某一本书。他们生怕别的公司的情报人员据此摸到他们可能要从事的某项科研项目。
such and such a book:某一本书
Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret.Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.
参考翻译：
某些大公司进行的研究属于一般和基础的研究，因此不保密对他们才有利。然而，依赖这种研究的很多工艺程序是在完全保密的情况下进行的，直到可以取得专利权的阶段为止。
———————————————————————————————————————————————
to be of，有“具有”的意思
are sought for with complete secrecy，极端秘密的探索
关于这个句子的结构
which引导定语从句，修饰research such...that搭配
it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret
这里有两个them，第一个them是指bigger firms，第二个them是指researches
今天就一个句子，可以好好琢磨下
It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
今天周五，早点出答案。童鞋们七夕快乐，考研也要注意适当休息O(∩_∩)O~
参考翻译：
井架必须很高，因为它像一个巨型滑轮组。我们必须把很长的钻杆一节节地钻入地下，然后再从地下拉出来。钻杆顶部安装的发动机带动钻杆旋转，它的底部装有钻头。
block and tackle 滑轮组
cutting bit钻头
great lengths of drill pipe，意思是“The pipes are very long. ”
length是量词，比如a length of pipe，一节烟囱，a length of rope，一节绳子 great lengths of drill pipe在这个句子中充当low和haul的宾语
1、But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen
