1.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ?journalism? as ?a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are. ?”
2. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them.
版主说：
1句.首先分析结构：主语是Newmanwrote，关键是要看懂它的看，so...that引导了结构状语从句。
keep one'send up in sth.坚持做某事。
betempted to do.忍不住要做某事，想做某事，语气会比attempt要强，
重点在于：“aterm of contempt A applied to B”.这个结构要看出来，A对B的一种蔑称。Contempt蔑视的，轻视的
参考翻译：
“如此少的作者有足够的才智和文学天赋来坚持在新闻界写作，”纽曼写道，“以至于我忍不住想把新闻工作定义为“那些没有读者的作家对那些有读者的作家的蔑称。”
2.第二句，很多人估计有印象。
marketers有人翻译为市场人员，销售人员，都不错。
embracedsth.采纳某种观点，欢迎某种理论，这的the two-stepflow为传播学的术语，二级影响流理论。感谢blueprints提醒。见17楼。 参考翻译：
营销人员已经采纳了”二级影响流理论“因为这个理论表明，只要他们能找到并影响那些有影响力的人士，这些选出来的人士就能完成他们的大部分工作。
1.This group generally do well in IQ test, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm.
句子的重点：主干为： This groupgenerally do …, and have contributed…, affirm. scoring…比较好处理，为伴随状态。including several …修饰elites,故可以先抛开来看。
主要是as the careers oftheir elites, affirm.不好理解。但意思上可以看得出来。通过他们中的精英的职业足以证明这一点。证明上面的哪一点呢？affirm后的宾语应该是这个： the group havecontributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of theWest。如果看出了这一点，这个句子就没问题了。
其他词汇：mean , disproportionately, intellectual, affirm不太熟练的可以去查查字典，稳固一下。
参考翻译：这个小组的人在智商测试中普遍表现的良好，得分比平均值100分高出12-15分，
并且为西方知识和文化界做出了巨大的贡献，他们中的精英——其中包括很多世界闻名的科学家——所从事的职业足以证明这一点。
2. Even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.
解析：
Even though引导让步状语从句，翻译为：尽管…… 翻译重点：struggle with, 与……抗衡 Bipedal,双足的
withstand repeated strain承受不断的压力
句子主干为： Our feet and backcontinue to do sth. and cannot easily withstand strain.
参考译文：尽管我们人类已经直立行走了几百万年，但是两只脚和背部仍继续同双脚行走的姿势相抗衡，难以承受过长的四肢所造成的持续的压力。
1.Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
2.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. 首先分析一下结构：
主要成分为：
(Those reacted more enthusiastically to funny caroons than did those)为主句，包含了主谓宾和一个比较状语从句。 suggesting that ...为宾语从句。
重点有: the other way around为“相反地，倒过来”相当于，the contrary 或者 the opposite. more...... than sb. did 文中的did前置了。did所代表的是谓语部分。即reacted to sth. expressions 与emotions的区别在于：前者侧重指面部表情，后者指统指情绪。
were contracted in收缩成，此外还有合同，契约等意思，如license contract 许可合同 参考翻译：
那些被迫锻炼他们的微笑肌肉的人比那些嘴型做收缩得皱眉的人对滑稽的卡通反应更加强烈；这表明表情也可以影响情绪，而非仅仅只能情绪影响表情。 第二句：两个that 和两个as的处理。
句子的主语是a description of sb. seems likely to have struck sb. as faint praise. faint praise较好的翻译是：空动的表扬，或者：明褒实贬。 strike sb. as sth.给某人留下什么印象。
这句话中大家对两个that和as犹豫不决。 第一个as“作为”。如as a friend of mine, 第二个as接在动词后面，可以翻译为“当做” 第一个that是关系代词，指代an orchestra 第二个that为主语，指代a description
参考翻译：
对于一个迄今为止一直是由像古斯塔夫*马勒和皮埃尔*布列茨这样的音乐家来率领的交响
乐团，这样的描述其下任音乐总监，似乎至少会让一些《泰晤士报》的读者觉得是明褒暗贬。 1.The decision of New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.
2.But because hard laughter is difficlut to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way,say, walking or jogging does.
活动介绍：
第一句，句子不长，主句是：The decision has been the talk of the classical-music world.要注意如下两个地方，
ever since 以及decision后的长长的定语。在翻译时不太好处理。
ever since 表“从那以后，自从”，翻译为“……的决定一直是……的谈资，自从……。”“自从……，……的决定一直是……的谈资。”
decision后的定语： of New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director 。“纽约爱乐乐团任命艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一任音乐导演的决定。”
第二句：很多同学比较纠结的地方有：hard laughter 和 a good laugh ，以及两个词：sustain 和measurable
有同学翻译 hard laughter 为：“剧烈地笑 、大笑”，都挺好的。
a good laugh 为：“开怀大笑、健康的笑容、开心的笑”，都没有问题。
sustain 要注意和sustainable区分开。 measurable 为形容词，“1. 可量度的, 可测量的, 可衡量的2. 明显的;重大的。”文中应该是选择第二个意思。
主句是： a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits.后文的 the way ,这可以换为as,就很好理解了，say为插入语， walking or jogging does 中does所代表的是have measurable benefits.
参考翻译:
1.纽约爱乐乐团决定任命艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一任音乐导演。自从2009年突然宣布对其任命以来，这一决定就成为了古典音乐界谈论的话题。
2.但是由于剧烈地笑难以维持，所以一次开怀大笑不可能像散步或慢跑所那样带来明显的效果。
1.It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, \love My Children, I hate My life, \is arousing much chatter- nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.
2.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
今天的句子是11年真题中的阅读理解。难度还是不小的。
结构解析:
1.句子主干：it's not surprise . that为引导词，后又一个句子，story is arousing much chatter.其他成分如：Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover为修饰story的定语，而\love My Children, I hate My life, \为story的同位语。
后面的分句：nothing gets people talking like the suggestion为主句，后接that引导的同位语从句。 child rearing is anything less为主系表结构， than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.为后置定语。
翻译时要注意：nothing...like可以翻译为 “没有什么能比得上”
anything less than 可以翻译为“任何事都不少于/不亚于”，如果不好理解，就可以理解“绝非...”
2.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder为主谓结构。后接if的条件状语从句。 后面的分句：unhappy childless folk are bothered with the message为主谓宾。后有that引导的message的同位语从句。
冒号后面的为 结果状语从句，主谓为：their misery must be
参考翻译：
1.毫不惊奇，Jennifer Sennior 具有深刻见解和煽动性的杂志封面故事《我爱我的孩子，但是我讨厌我的生活》正在引起人们的一片热议，——没有什么事能像“育儿不亚于一种完全的自我实现，丰富生活的体验”的建议一样能引起人们的讨论。
2.不开心的家长很少被诱发对“自己是否本不该要孩子”的思考，但是不开心没有孩子的家庭常常被“孩子是世界上唯一最重要的事物”这一信息所干扰，很显然这些家庭的痛苦一定是他们没有要孩子的直接后果。
总结：（第一句）第一：各位同学在做翻译的时候，对句子结构的分析还不够，如第一句的 Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover 为对story的修饰，以及其后的 \My Children, I hate My life,”没处理好。
第二就是 nothing...like 和 anything less than 的比较级没翻译好。
（第二句）unhappy childless folks上很多同学犹豫不决了，此外就是短语“gaping baby-size holes\实在是有点难度，可以参考一下这个 gaping, baby-size holes in their lives.
我觉得这个短语，可以写成这样的：gaping ,baby sized hole.在英文中，常有这样的表述：如收养的网站这样写道：We discovered we had a baby-sized hole in our hearts. We also felt like adoption would serve as a ministry for us and we were right ...,所以我认为这个Baby-size hole 应该是指“没有婴儿的缺憾”，所以这个短语可以直接翻译成——“敞口的，没有婴儿的缺陷”
当然，词语还可以更华丽些。个人意见，欢迎交流～！
新概念部分：
1、The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and
