B. In the areas of natural science and technology. Biological science and cloning tech is constructive and welcome, so is the internet technology. However, when it comes to the practical use of cloning human being or taking advantage the IT for intention of crime, they are controversial or guarded.
很多科学理论都不能应用于实践，还有很多科学发现在很多年之后才知道可以用来作什么，就象一种新的化学元素的发现，理解它的性质并不难，难的是想出它到底可以作什么用，有什么实际价值。
国人为例,大家都知道改革势在必行,但是这个过程很痛苦，很多人下岗的都会骂
举个简单例子，人工授精早就可以实现了，但是么把人工授精的科学成果应用到生活的方式大家不一定接受的了。因为精子来源，社会舆论都是问题。
188.\to survive in a new environment and—, eventually, —to change it.\188． 成功，不管是学术上的还是专业上的，都有在新环境中适应并最终改变新环境的能力。
A. People can succeed both by surviving and changing a new environment, and by excelling in an old environment.
B. Another way of understanding success is to see it as failure with the dirt brushed off.
C. I would rather define success as doing one?s best to become the best that one is capable of becoming.
189\people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present.\． 如果人们忽略了过去的伟大成就，那就是因为这些成就不再能满足现在的需要
A. One reason why people disregard the great works of the past is that some of these works are largely irrelevant to the present.
B. Another reason is that today?s education does not attach much importance to the literary classics of the past. C. However, it is na?ve to say that all great works of the past no longer answer our needs of the present.
190.\lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money.\． 当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生活最基本的技能时，用来支持艺术的公众资源就显得很不合适了，或者更残忍一些，还有人妄图独吞这些资金。
A. The first reason that I disagree with the assertion is that to postpone pubic arts funding until we completely eliminate unemployment and hunger would be to postpone arts funding forever.
B. The second arguments that public support for the arts is desirable
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is that by allocating public resources to me arts we actually help to solve these social problem.
C. Last but not least argument has to do with the function and ultimate objectives of arts. Arts contribute to a more charitable society—more willing to give help to those who are in need in the ways that the speaker is concerned.
191\lives of students and to training students to be productive workers.\191． 教育还应该把这两件事看得同等重要，丰富学生的个人生活，把学生培养成能干的工人
A. The first purpose of education is to cultivate students? minds, helping them to grow up to become good citizens and happy persons.
B. For this purpose, schools should stress the teaching of humanities. C. Another purpose of education is to train students to be productive workers.
D. For this purpose, schools should also include occupational training courses in the curriculum.
192\in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning.\． 各个领域的成功更多是来自机遇或者冒险，而不是深思熟虑的计划
A. Whatever goal we intend to accomplish, the first thing to do is planning.
B. Chance favors only the prepared minds.
C. Taking risks without any planning is nothing but rashness.
193\is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance.\193． 更具有持久意义的不是头版头条的政治事件，而是很少报道的社会变革
A. The headline-making political events are often superficial and short-lived.
B. The commercial interests of the mass media determine their preoccupation with the news value of events rather than the social value of events.
C. Social transformations usually take place slowly, and are hard to notice at their beginnings.
194\competitive, but learning to be cooperative.\． 为生活和工作做的最好的准备，不是学会具有竞争精神，而是学会具有合作精神。
A. Cooperative benefits every member of the team.
B. Every field of life requires people who are ready to cooperate with others.
C. Only through cooperation can we accomplish great tasks.
D. What is most needed today might be learning to compete in the spirit of cooperation
195-\rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.\195． 政治的目标不应该是追求一个想法，而是寻找普遍合理的大多数人的意见
A. Reasonable consensus and a political ideal need not be mutually exclusive.
Example: peace among nations. In order to gain the opportunity to pursue their ideals politicians must build some measure of consensus along the way.
B. The assertion flies in face of the history.
C. Idealists are better able to steer clear of short-term thinking, near-sighted goals, and self-serving maneuverings. Lacking idealism a political leader will tend to seek compromise and unprincipled consensus for its own sake. Most politicians seem driven today by their interest in being elected and reelected—that is, in short-term survival—rather than by any sense of mission, or even obligation to their people and country.
196.\creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.\． 科学技术产生了许多不能解决的问题，对人们的生活质量构成威胁
A. Technology has greatly increased human beings? power to harness natural force for human purpose.
B. Technology has dramatically improved the living conditions of human beings.
C. Admittedly, technology is a double-edged sword, which, if misused, might undermine the quality of our life and even threaten our existence.
197. \material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.\． 一个国家的生活质量提高和社会的安定是和其他所有国家的生活质量提高和社会安定密不可分的。 A. the economic pursuits of any nation today are not only connected to but actually interwoven with those of other nations.
B. Nations have also become interconnected in the pursuit of scientific and technological progress. It may be either detrimental or beneficial effects: global computer connectivity has served to heighten national-security concerns of all connected nations. Nuclear weapon etc.
C. The world's nations have become especially interconnected in terms of their public health. The environmental problem links the world together. Greenhouse effect, Depletion of ozone, sandstorm etc. It is evident that so-called industrial \has carried deleterious environmental consequences worldwide. The depletion
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of atmospheric ozone, which has warmed the earth to the point that it threatens the very survival of the human beings. The deforestation caused the more frequent sandstorms have more and more endanger the people.
198\, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences.\． 社会应该关注赞赏个性差异，而不是鼓励一致统一
A. Conformity leads to the death of creativity.
B. A society that encourages individual differences will benefit from the creations and vitality of its people.
C. “Whatever crushes individuality is despotism, by whatever name it may be called.” (John Stuart Mill)
199\from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.\． 真正的有改革性的观点不是来自群体，而是来自个人。当一个群体想要有创造性，群体中的成员就会相互强迫妥协，最终扼杀集体的创造性并形成更多的惯例。大多数有创造性的想法来自于独立工作的个体 A. It is true that individual thinkers or scientists working alone formulated many original ideas in history.
B. However, one should see that those great individuals actually benefited a lot from the work either of his contemporaries or of the people before their time.
C. While members of a group might force each other to compromise, it is also true that they may inspire and enlighten each other.
200\acquired through solitude, rather than through interaction with others.\． 最难的莫过于对自身的了解，通常只能通过自己了解，而不是通过和他人合作了解
A. To lead a happy life, the first thing is to know ourselves. (“An unexamined life is not worth living.”)
B. One way to know ourselves is to examine ourselves alone.
C. However, interaction with others can also help us to see more clearly who we are
201.\value system, a standard, a set of ideas— not to prepare them for a specific job.\201． 教育的目的应该是给学生提供一个价值系统，即一套标准理念，而不是只为了工作
A. The most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of individuals and the significance of their life to themselves and to others.
B. When education aims only at job preparation, it deteriorated into training.
C. There is the need and the possibility to combine life preparation and job preparation.
202\great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.\． 和伟大的思想家、艺术家不同，最好的政治领导应该经常听从民众的意愿，并且愿意为了妥协放弃原则。
leaders ,endowed with their distinguished insight ,often presents advanced policies that best put forword the group.unfortunately ,this excellence often deserves little resonance from the ordinary mass whose main priority still wanders on the level of immidiate profit or prosper to gain both material comfort and mental sham.inevitably here comes from the best chance for the power of social skills.ostensible compromise often acts the role of gaining more time and chances to instill the workers with the essence of policies ,which,once catched,will certainly push the project .so it is unwise to equal the these two kinds of compromise.
in some cases ,despite the disgust from all of the workers ,effective leaders often appears in the monopoly form to carry out his plans ,most of which often prove their success in later stages
of course ,in this I do not doubt certain cases where compromise often acts a successful role,especially when forces from various sources denies the smooth operation of the project.
203. \to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines.\． 理解一个社会特征的最好的方法就是研究那个社会所认为的伟大人物
A. A society chooses certain people as it heroes not because they mirror the society but rather because the society's members appreciate, wish they could emulate those traits of character.
B. Consider the sports hero, whom society chooses not merely by virtue of athletic strength. Some accomplished athletes we consider heroes because they have overcome significant obstacles to achieve their goals.
C. Consider the military heroes, who gain heroic stature by way of courage in battle, or by otherwise facing certain defeat.
D. Consider the social political heroes, the champion of social causes who inspire and incites society to meaningful political and social change. People appreciate and adore them for the great contribution to the society and their personality charm.
204\e learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all.\． 我们通过实践学习；没有通过实践而接受一个理论是根本学不到什么东西的。 A. It should be confessed that the best way to learn a theory is to put it into practice.
B. By putting a theory into practice, we can either improve it or
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prove its truth.
C. However, there is no need for us to experience every theory before accepting and benefiting from it
205\new information, the effects on life-long learning can only be positive.\． 全世界的人越来越多地获取新的信息，所以人肯定是活到老学到老的。（不确定）
A. There is no doubt that the electronic media such as the Internet can make great contributions to life-long learning by providing people with on-line education throughout their lives.
B. However, we should not equate information with education. C. There are still many problems to be solved before people everywhere in the world can use the Internet for life-long learning.
206\think of the possible consequences of what they might do.\． 人们行动太快了；他们应该停下来想一想他们这样做会得到什么结果。
A. More haste, less speed.
B. It might be too difficult to persuade people to consider the possible impacts of their actions on themselves.
C. People should also think of the impacts of their actions on other people.
207.\a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are.\． 典礼和仪式有助于给一种文化下定义。没有典礼和仪式，人们就无法很好地了解自己。（不太通顺）
A. I agree with the speaker insofar as one purpose of ritual and ceremony in today's world is to preserve cultural identity.
B. Preserving cultural identity cannot be the mere purpose of ritual and ceremony. In fact, isolated cultures that do not need to distinguish themselves to preserve their identity nevertheless engage in their own distinct rituals and ceremonies. The initial purpose of ritual and ceremony is rooted not in cultural identity but rather superstition and spiritual belief.
C. Ritual and ceremony are not the only means of preserving cultural identity.
208.\interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.\． 人们的眼神、衣着和行动表现了他们的态度和兴趣。你可以通过观察人们的外表和行为来获知这个社会的想法和价值
A. People of different countries dress differently: the French dress romantically; the Americans dress colorfully; the Japanese dress
formally.
B. Changing in people?s dressing styles coincide with value changes and of a society.
C. The phenomenon that blue jeans or some other fashions have become international indicates the trend towards world culture homogeneity.
209.\have contrasting points of view.\． 进步/进展产生于持不同意见的人们的讨论
A. The examples of progress through debates abound in the history of natural science. Our scientific method is essentially a call for progress through opposition. Any new theory must withstand rigorous scientific scrutiny. Moreover, the history of theoretical science is essentially a history of opposing theories.
B. In government and politics, progress in human rights comes typically through dissention from and challenge to the status quo; in fact, without disagreement among factions with opposing viewpoints, political oppression and tyranny would go unchecked. C. History informs us of the chilling effect suppression of free discourse and debate can have on progress. Example of the Soviet in 1920s.
210.\considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work.\． 大多数人找工作是基于钱这种很实际的考虑，费多大的劲找到工作，就希望拿多少薪水。很难得有人能从自己的潜质和兴趣出发去找一份特殊的工作
A. In an over-populated world, the job market is always the buyer?s market, which makes it almost impossible for job seekers to choose their career at will.
B. However, to be successful means to know what you are doing, to like what you are doing and to believe what you are doing.
211\or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions.\． 一个决定，不管是政府、企业还是个人做出的，都应该更多地考虑到将来的条件而不是眼前的条件
A. Any decision that does not take into account future conditions will become obsolete as time passes by.
B. And we should remember that we can never be one hundred percent certain about what might occur in the future.
C. Meanwhile, if we ignore the present conditions, our decision will not work at all.
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212. \a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.\212． 只要一个目标是值得去实现的，那么任何努力都是有理由的。
A. Theoretically, the means taken should be consistent with the ends in view.
B. However, in order to restore peace and social order, individual states or the international community has repeatedly used force in history.
C. We should be alert to the possibility that individuals, organizations or governments tend to plead a worthy goal in excuse of their contemptible means and private interests.
213\challenge the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others—that is, the ability to achieve social harmony—should be a major goal in every school.\． 太多的重点放在教学生怎么挑战别人的主张上。实际上，培养妥协能力和与他人共同工作的能力，也就是促成社会和谐的能力应该被作为每个学校的教育目标
A. Critical thinking is key to students both academically and politically.
B. It is necessary for students to criticize the views of each other in their studies, which does not necessarily lead to conflicts among them.
C. Compromising is harmful in academic pursuits.
214.\and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise. these talents arc likely to remain undeveloped.\． 社会应该找出那些具有特殊天才和特殊能力的孩子，并在他们小时候就训练他们，这样他们最终就能超越他们的同龄人。否则他们的特殊的潜能和可能就被浪费掉。
A. Unless certain innate talents are nurtured and cultivated in the right period of development, that is during early childhood the potential talent can be no longer meaningful. Theory of Developmental psychology. After all, how can a child who is musically gifted ever see those gifts come to fruition without access to a musical instrument?
B. If offered no chance for the talent to show, gifted children with special talents may live and learn in the same situation as the other common children, the special talent can be unnoticed and become dormant forever. That is great loss for the children and for the society. C. Regarding to educational effectiveness, it is more fair and effective for all the children when they some children with special talents are identified .selected and received distinctive education.
