(3) ___________________________________________________________________________. 4. Lincoln believed in ______________ to the defeated southerners.
III. Jim Crow (Cloze Test)
Jim Crow, the system of laws and customs that ________ racial segregation and
discrimination throughout the United States, especially the South, from the late 19th century to
the 1960s.
Crow was the name of a character in minstrelsy (in which white performers in blackface used African American stereotypes in their songs and dances); it is not clear how the term
____ to describe American segregation and discrimination.
IV.
The History of the Ku Klux Klan (Dictation)
1. Riding hard to stop the wave of reform transforming the South, the Ku Klux Klan had
been using terrorism against ______________________________________ since 1865.
2. It was originally __________________ for six former confederate officers. The
organization became a refuge for both bigots and sadists.
3. The central mission of the invisible empire was the protection of the American way of
life for the ________________________________________________________. Minorities not fitting the KKK ideal were actively persecuted.
4. The KKK’s power ___________ in 1924 when membership reached __________. That
year a resolution denouncing the clan was defeated at the democratic national convention.
5. Although the KKK has attempted to change its public ______________, the blazing cross
still _________________________________________________________.
V.
The Gilded Age (Cloze Test)
Industrial expansion _________ a dramatic shift after the American Civil War, when industrialists bought up thousands of small companies and enterprises and ______ them into truly national companies and corporations. As a result, the profits of expanding industry became increasingly ____________in the hands of fewer and fewer people. It was a period labeled The Gilded Age by writer Mark Twain.
VI.
The Progressive Era (Cloze Test)
The growth of industry and cities _______ problems. A small number of people ____ a large proportion of the nation’s wealth while others fell into poverty. Workers faced long hours, dangerous conditions, poor pay, and an uncertain future. Big business became closely ______ with government, and political machines, which offered services in return for votes, controlled some city governments. As the United States entered the 20th century, demand _____ to combat these ills.
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Progressive reformers sought to ______ the problems created by industrialization and urbanization. To progressives, economic privilege and corrupt politics __________ democracy. Never a cohesive movement, progressivism embraced many types of reform. Progressives strove, variously, to curb corporate power, to end business monopolies, and to wipe out political corruption. They also wanted to democratize electoral procedures, protect working people, and ______ the gap between social classes. Progressives turned to government to _______ their goals. National in scope, progressivism included both Democrats and Republicans. From the 1890s to the 1910s, progressive efforts affected local, state, and national politics.
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6. A Super Power
I. World War I ( Spot Dictation)
World War I, the war to end all wars was ___________ when a Serbian terrorist assassinated the ______ to the Austria-Hungarian throne in 1914. American sentiment against the German Alliance _____ in May 1915 when a German U boat sank the passenger liner Lusitania, just days after leaving New York harbor. Nearly 1200 lives were lost. In April 1917, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war after __________ all diplomatic avenues with Germany. American entry into the war came as the ________ of the Allied Forces were approaching their low point. In the spring and summer of 1918, the Germans launch powerful offenses aimed at Paris. At Chateau Thierry, American forces under General Pershing threw back the German thrust. From there, the Allies counter attacked. Months later in 1918, as the German position became _________ Kaiser Wilhelm asked for an armistice. The fighting ended on November 11th. More than 8 million soldiers died in what became known as the Great War.
II.
The Roaring 20s (Spot Dictation)
It was a decade of change and ________. Old ideas _____ with new in what many felt was unhealthy change in moral standards. The 18th Amendment which had been ________ in 1919 banned liquour but it was almost completely ignored. The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote and the era redefined the role of women especially outside the home. Hemlines rose and long ____ notions about proper behavior for women crumbled. Americans delighted in their heroes and the miraculous inventions that became widely available in the 1920s such as the electric, refrigerator, and the light ____. Goods and services were made available to more people than ever before, thanks to mass production. Economic growth was ______ by a large migration of unskilled labor from Europe. The stock market _______ two months before the end of the decade brought the so-called roaring 20s to an end.
III.
Prohibition (Spot Dictation)
To drink or not to drink, this _______ torn the United States apart for decades until in 1919, the nation voted the 18th Amendment to the Constitution into law, ___________ the manufacture and sale of alcoholic _________. For 13 years, not to drink was the law of the land. But the ___________ continued. In 1932, Democratic Party’s candidate for President proclaimed: we advocate the repeal of the 18th Amendment.
IV. The New Deal (Cloze Test)
For years, most Americans had accepted the basic ideas of traditional free market capitalism. But as the depression began, a small number of Americans became interested in the economic ideas of Karl Marx.
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Roosevelt believed it was best to __________ a path between these two opposite ideas. He basically supported the free market system. ___ he believed government also had a right and responsibility to act when needed. ___ he supported new government controls in such important areas as banking, transportation, agriculture, and oil production.
Some Americans did not think it was wise, or even possible, to mix traditional free market capitalism ____ government intervention or socialism.
Former Republican Treasury Secretary Ogden Mills put it this way:
\cannot be half free and half socialistic. There is no _____________ between governing and being governed, between absolute rule and freedom.\Many leftists and socialists agreed with conservatives that it was impossible to mix capitalism and socialism. One leftist publication wrote:
\the nation must live with the sadness of capitalism or it must prepare to _______ capitalism with socialism. There is no longer a practical middle path.\
_______, Roosevelt and his New Dealers happily rejected these arguments. They aimed the country between rightist and leftist extremes and _______ a whole new set of rules for government, the economy, and democracy.
V. World War II ( Spot Dictation)
Host: Adolf Hitler’s invasion of Poland in September 1939 _______ World War II. One by one, Europe’s nations fell before Germany’s mechanize armies. Only Britain held ____. Male: If the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years. Men will still say, “This was their fighting tower”. Host: While the Allies conferred treachery approached from the east. On December 7, 1941 Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor. The next day the United States entered the war. Male: Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by Naval and the Armed Forces of the empire of Japan. As it still exists. There is no blinking of the fact that our people, our territory and our interest are in _____ danger. Host: Fighting continued for almost four more years spreading to North Africa and the Pacific. On D-day June 6, 1944, Allied troops began the liberation of Europe. Within a year, Germany ___________. To subdue Japan, the United States drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan formally surrendered on September 2, 1945. World War II ______ more than 27 million lives and caused enormous human suffering.
VI.
McCarthyism (Spot Dictation)
McCarthyism has become a general term for the ________ investigation of government’s opponents or the ___________________________against these opponents without sufficient evidence to support the________.
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