1948—“Cybernetics”，an influence on artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener.
1956—George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company.
1959—Computer－assisted manufacturing was demonstrated at the Servomechanisms Lab at MIT.
1961—The first industrial robot was online in a General Motors automobile factory in New Jersey.It was called UNIMATE.
1963—The first artificial robotic arm to be controlled by a computer was designed.The Rancho Arm was designed as a tool for the handicapped and its six joints gave it the flexibility of a human arm.
1965—DENDRAL was the first expert system or program designed to execute the accumulated knowledge of subject experts.
1968—The octopus－like Tentacle Arm was developed by Marvin Minsky. 1969—The Stanford Arm was the first electrically powered，computer－controlled robot arm.
1970—Shakey was introduced as the first mobile robot controlled by artificial intelligence.It was produced by SRI International.
1974—A robotic arm (the Silver Arm) that performed small－parts assembly using feedback from touch and pressure sensors was designed.
1979—The Stanford Cart crossed a chair－filled room without human assistance.The cart had a TV camera mounted on a rail which took pictures from
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multiple angles and relayed them to a computer.The computer analyzed the distance between the cart and the obstacles.
三、参考资料 (1)科幻作品
近几年比较受欢迎的科幻小说、影视有：X档案系列(X－files)，黑客帝国系列(The Matrix)，星球大战系列(Star Wars)，X战警系列(X Men)，终结者系列(Terminator)，哈利波特系列(Harry Potter)，指环王系列(The Lord of the Rings)等等。学生如有兴趣，可以上网查询更多的资料。
参考网站：http：// http：// http：//
(2)Isaac Asimov 艾莎克·阿西莫夫(1920～1992)
Dr.Isaac Asimov was an American author and biochemist who was born in Russia in 1920.Asimov went to the United States with his family at the age of three.He grew up in New York，graduating from Columbia University in 1939.In 1948，he earned a PhD there.He began to write stories for science fiction magazines in 1939.He was a very successful writer who produced an amazing number of books：he wrote over 400 volumes.Asimov is best known for his science fiction and popular science books，of which the Foundation series，the Galactic Empire series and the Robot series are the most popular.Asimov's books cover various topics in science，and he developed a set of ethics for robots and machine intelligence which influenced many other writers.
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