different from U. S. law. (66) This requirement would violate Section 203 of the U. S. Voting Rights Act, which requires that bilingual election materials and assistance be made available when a foreign language reaches critical mass in the general population. For example, California recall ballots in Los Angeles County were printed in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Tagalog. (67)
U. S. law, in effect, tells new citizens that can be fully engaged in U.S. democracy without understanding the language of its election campaigns. (68)
Naturalized citizens must demonstrate a fundamental understanding of U. S. history and civics. Isn't it reasonable to expect them also to be able to communicate, at a basic level, in the language of U. S. politics? (69) Requiring citizens to understand basic English isn't bias. But supporting a system that encourages American citizens to accept a life without meaningful participation in politics and civic life—that's bias.
To end the separatism and disengagement that flourishes in part because significant portions of his country cannot speak English, Blair wants to make basic knowledge of English a requirement for British citizenship. There can be no true national unity when citizens cannot understand each other and participate in the majority culture.
(70) Let's hope the United States will learn it through observation rather than bitter experience.
A. Despite a growing bilingualism in English, for the most part Britain remains a monolingual nation with a long, proud linguistic and cultural tradition.
B. But Blair wants to impose an additional requirement: To become a British citizen, one must \a rudimentary grasp of the English language\
C. It further suggests that secondhand knowledge of politics, through translation or others' interpretations, is an adequate substitute for the ability to hear and read about the candidates and the issues.
D. A passing knowledge of English shouldn't be too much to ask of those who seek the right to vote that so many American soldiers have died to secure.
E. Britain has learned that lesson—the hard way.
F. The intent of Section 203 is laudable: A member of a \in exercising the franchise. But its effects are pernicious. Passage Two
Marry people go to Louvre in Paris to see only one painting. They ignore other splendid works by Leonardo that hung nearby. (71) But it is ignored in favor of the smiling figure of \glass and protected constantly by a guard and a heavy railing. (72)
What lies behind the intrigue of the \in the mystery conveyed by the ambiguous smile which allows everyone to find something special for themselves in the obscure, smoky image.
Let's look at the painting itself. The figure is simple. Mona Lisa turns to her left in her chair to look at the viewer with that smile, a smile that 16th(上标)-century art historian and biographer Giorgio Vasari said \pleasing it seems divine rather than real.\little curls. (73) A veil is caught up in her right arm and draped over her head and left shoulder.
Two features are special to this extraordinary portrait: the \Leonardo worked the transitions of light and shade so subtly that everything blends without any hint of lines or borders. In the depiction of Mona Lisa's head, this skill in surface painting is supported by his knowledge of the skull beneath the skin—derived from his studies in anatomy. But it is her position on a balcony that gives this picture of a superbly mature woman a sense of cosmic drama. Beyond her and far below is an immense rocky landscape. (74) It is a landscape of the imagination but imagination based on years of study of rock formations.
(75) Leonardo has become the product of the collective imagination. His legend has been fuelled by the
image of the bearded sage, inspired by his self-portrait drawing, now in Turin, and by the work \of the Famous Painters and Sculptors\
A. The legend of the \ B. Her dress is very simple and she wears no jewelry.
C. Over the next 16 years, Leonardo worked and traveled throughout Italy for a number of employers.
D. An example is The \of the Rocks\which is the summation of Leonardo's studies in anatomy, botany, geology as well as being superbly painted.
E. No other painting in the immense galleries of the Louvre gets this treatment. F. The landscape is divided and unsteady which makes it like a dream.
Part Ⅳ Translation
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
An important variable affecting communication across cultures is fate and personal responsibility. 1. This refers to the degree to which we feel ourselves the masters of our lives, versus the degree to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control. Another way to look at this is to ask how much see ourselves able to change and maneuver, to choose the course of our lives and relationships. Some have drawn a parallel between the emphasis on personal responsibility in North American settings and the landscape itself. The North American Landscape is vast, with large spaces of unpopulated territory. 2. The frontier mentality of \the wilderness, and the expansiveness of the land stretching huge distances, may relate to generally high levels of confidence in the ability to shape and choose our destinies. In this expansive landscape, many children grow up with an epic sense of life, where ideas are big, and hope springs eternal. When they experience setbacks, they are encouraged to redouble their efforts, to \Action, efficacy, and achievement are emphasized and expected. Free will is enshrined in laws and enforced by courts. Now consider places in the world with much smaller territory, whose history reflects repeated conquest and harsh straggles: Northern Ireland, Mexico, Israel, Palestine. In these places, there is more emphasis on destiny's role in human life. In Mexico, there is a legacy of poverty, invasion, and territorial mutilation. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as invasion, and territorial mutilation. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as inevitable or unavoidable. 4. Their fatalistic attitude is expressed in their way of responding to failure or accident by saying \ This variable is important to understanding cultural conflict. If someone invested in free will crosses paths with someone more fatalistic in orientation, miscommunication is likely. The first person may expect action and accountability. Failing to see it, they may conclude that the second is lazy, obstructionist, or dishonest. 5. The second person will expect respect for the natural order of things. Failing to see it, they may conclude that the first is coercive or irreverent inflated in his ideas of what can be accomplished or changed. Part Ⅴ Writing
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
What does work mean to you? Is it just a means to make ends meet and to cover life expenses?
参考答案与解析 Paper One
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary
1．[答案] A
考形近词与同义词的辨析。reservation是“保留地，专用地，禁猎地”，指动物保护区；rescue是“援救，营救”；reserve是“储备物，收藏；自我克制”，如：reserve of food(食物储备)；refugee指“逃亡者，难民”。根据句子大意，要发展一个海洋自然______来保护海豚，应该选择reservation。句子大意是：“海洋生物学家正在呼吁要将Cardigan海湾重新发展成一个海洋自然保护区来保护海豚。” 2．[答案] C
考动词搭配。难点在于熟悉动词的不熟悉用法。keep是“保持”，ease是“使悠闲；减轻，放松”；jog做不及物动词是“慢跑”，做及物动词是“摇动；唤起，提醒”，这是一个不太熟悉的用法；enhance是“提高，增强”。结合句子意思，应该选jog。 3．[答案] D
考形近词辨析。intricate是“复杂的，难以理解的”；intact是“完整的；未动过的”；intriguing是“迷人的，引起兴趣或好奇心的”；intrinsic是“(指价值、性质)固有的，内在的，本质的”。从搭配上来说应该选intrinsic。 4．[答案] C
考查同义词的辨析。netball是无板篮球，一种类似篮球的球赛；arbitrate是“进行仲裁”，一般指仲裁双方的纠纷等；intervene是“干涉，斡旋”，指来到??中间以阻碍或改变某一行动，如：intervene to prevent a fight(调停以防止打架)；referee是“担任裁判”；decide是“决定，判决”。符合句子意思的是 referee。 5．[答案] D
考查名词的搭配和习惯用法。句子意思是：“任何时间______，任何等待，都是因为你没有来，没收到有关信息。”error是“错误”；cut是“切断”，没有time cut的搭配，只有time cutout，指“定时停车”；lack是“缺失”；lag是“落后”，指滞缓的持续时间或程度。此处只有lag和time搭配来表示“迟延的时间，时滞”才符合句子意思。 6．[答案] A
考查动词的辨析。salute是“致意，问候；称赞”；estimate是“估计，恰当地推测(物品的数量、程度、规模、状况或价值)；评价”；scale足“攀登，爬上或超越”，如：scale the peak(爬上顶峰)；measure是“测量；估计”。从句子意思来看，salute是正确的选项。 7．[答案] A
考连词用法。分析连同前后连接的两个部分的意思，发现有转折之意，判断所选连词应能表达转折含义，据此可以排除together with(和)和as well as(也，又)。rather than用来表示选择，“宁愿??而不??”。这一表达方式通常用在平行结构里，即与两个形容词、状语、名词或代词、不定式形式连用。故只能选 A。 8．[答案] C
考名词和介词to的搭配。句子是一个主从复合句，在从句中又有一个并列的目的状语。sources是“来源，出处”，一般与of搭配；interpretations是“解释，说明；翻译”，也是与of搭配；clues是“线索；暗示”；observations(复数)是“观察资料；(观察后的)意见”。故从搭配和含义上都应该选clues。 9．[答案] C
考形近词辨析。precedence是“(事情发生的)先后次序”；promise是“誓言，允诺，保证”，指答应别人能做到某事；priority是“优先，重点”，指优先考虑的事或值得优先注意的事；procedure是“过程，步骤”，在此也可以排除。根据句子意思，应选C。 10．[答案] D
考介词词组。in case of是“万一”；in view of是“鉴于；考虑到”；in face of是“面对”；in excess of是“越过；大于，多于”。根据上下文应该选in excess of，在句中表示“年增长率超过了12%”。 11．[答案] B
考动词词组。句中as much... as表示“同??一样多的，跟??达到同一程度”。jump out是“跳出来”；turn out表示“证实；发觉是”，还可以表示“结果，变得”；cover up是“掩盖，包庇，隐匿”；turn up是“发现，找到；出现”。比较之下，B是正确选项，在句中表示“一个人结果会变得怎样”。
12．[答案] A
考查动词词组和搭配。tan是“晒黑”；color是“给??涂颜色”，用于被动式应该与by搭配；taint是“玷污；败坏；腐蚀”，常与with连用，如：be tainted with prejudices(受偏见的影响)；encode是“译成密码”。只有A从含义和搭配上均符合本句。 13．[答案] C
考形近词辨析。从句子的后半部分寻找线索，可以推断前半句应该谈的是该机构的公正和不偏不倚。indifferent是“冷漠的”；imperative是“急需的；必要的；强制的”；impartial是“公乎的，不偏不倚的”；incoherent是“不连贯的，语无伦次的”。 14．[答案] A
考查动词词组的用法。本句属于因果关系。commit是“提交；答应负责”，而be committed to是“致力于”，一般后面跟名词或动名词；be obliged to是“被迫做??”，一般后面接动词的不定式；be engaged是“约定；与??订婚”； resolve to是“下决心做??”，没有be resolved to的用法。只有A符合句意。 15．[答案] C
考动宾搭配。所选动词词组应该能和possibilities搭配。strike out是“精力充沛地开始”；leave out是“忽略，遗漏，不考虑”；rule out是“不考虑；排除出去”，如：The option of starting over has been ruled out．重新开始这种选择已被排除考虑。count out是“不包括”，如：If it's going to be a crowdy party, count me out．(如果那是一个吵闹的聚会，别把我算在内。)一般用rule out来搭配possibilities。句子大意为：秋季选举的可能性不会被排除在外。 16．[答案] B
考形近词辨析。根据句子后半句“没有它们，城市的旅游业就无法生存”，可以判断旅馆和饭店应该是一个城市不可分割的一部分。再看四个选项，insignificant是“不重要的”；integral是“构成整体所必须的；应有的”，符合句子意思；interior是“内部的”；inevitable是“不可避免的”。 17．[答案] B
考动词与to构成的搭配。apply to是“将??应用于”；appeal to是“诉诸，求助于”；attract是“吸引”，是及物动词，不需要带to，只有be attracted to(受到??吸引)的用法；attend to是“注意，留心；照顺，护理”。应该选appeal to，句子大意为：我反对任何不诉诸于理性并与道德相违背的宗教教义。 18．[答案] A
bear on是“涉及，关于”；sort out是“整理好，挑选出”；figure out是“计算出，领会到”；put on是“穿衣服；假装”。根据句子的上下文，选择bear on，句子大意为：有三种写作体裁涉及这个问题，我们将逐一进行考虑。 19．[答案] C
考动词与介词in的搭配。comprise是“包含，由??组成”；convey是“传送，传播；传达”。convey和comprise一样，都是及物动词，在使用时不用搭配介词。consist in是“存在于”；conform只和to搭配，表示“符合；遵照”。所以从含义和搭配上，只有consist是正确的选项。 20．[答案] D
考动词词组的含义。本句是转折关系。live up to是“实行；达到?(的期望)”；mark down是“记下，削减??的价目”；size up是“估计；作出一种看法或判断”。根据句子的转折关系，选择play down。句子大意是：成千上万的人毁灭掉了，而日本人却想降低他们的士兵所犯暴行的程度。
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
21．[答案] B
考查名词词义辨析。各选项意思：A“联系”；B“改正”；C“康复”；D“重复”。再看这句话的意思：“不是要发生什么危险，就是已经发生了什么需要改变的。”因此，B正确。 22．[答案] C
考查动词词义辨析和搭配。首先，我们必须知道原句中keep...from (让??不能)这个词组的意思。再看各个选项：A“低估”；B“展示”；C“违背”；D“恶化”。从全句意思“苦恼的感觉是好的，如果它不会让我们??自己的价值观”可以断定violating“违背”最切题意。因此，C正确。
