GRAMMAR――名词性从句 一、定义：
名词性从句是由if, whether, that, how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。
二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分) 1. When we’ll hold the sports meeting has not been decided yet. 2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many people.. 3.He wonder if he could use my bike. 4. I am thinking about who will be given the job. 5. That he has won the first prize is true. 6. My parents’ wish is that I can go to a key university. 7. They are discussing the problem whether they should ban(禁止) fishing in the lake. 8. The problem is how I can get in touch with them. 9. It is not clear whether she will attend his wedding. 10. I have no idea when he would return. 三、用法
1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:
A. That he is a famous singer is known to us.
(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.) B. When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)
2.宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:
A. We believe (that) he is honest.
B. I told him (that) I would come back soon.
C. He said (that) he would go there the next day and that his family wouldn’t go there. 3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如: A. The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him. B. This is how Henry solved the problem.
C. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.
(如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：
A. The thought that we might success excited us.
B. The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.
C. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
四、注意
1、注意that 的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。)
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： A. That they are good at English is known to us all. B. The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
C. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：
当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；
当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；
当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
A. He judged that because he was a child, he did not understand what he had said. B. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. C. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
③that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A) It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that? (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...
(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that ? (DIt seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别： A.从句前都有一个名词
B.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。 C.定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句） 你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened. 3、whether和if的用法
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如： It all depends on whether they will come back. ②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.. ③主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money.
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
