⑦ The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 老师进入了教室，手里拿着一本书。（表示伴随状况）
⑧ He reached the beautiful river with red flowers and green trees on both sides. 他来到了两岸长满红花绿树的这条河上。（作后置定语，修饰river） 2.独立主格结构与with复合结构的区别：
独立主格结构和with / without 的复合结构在大多数情况下可以相互转换。例如：
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
→He stood for an instant，his hand still raised.
Without any money left，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend.
由于手头拮据，他只得向他的朋友借一些钱。
→No money left，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. ④ With him sitting next to her，she felt safe. 有他坐在身旁，她感到很安全。
→He sitting next to her，she felt safe.
以上两种结构所表达的意思基本相同。所不同的是with复合结构常用于日常生活中，更口语化。而独立主格结构则多用于描绘文字，即多用于文学中，使之所描绘的内容更加生动有色。如：
① He sat in the front row，his mouth half open，his eyes looking straight up，
his head thrust forward so as not to miss a single word.
他坐在前排，口半张，眼直视，头前倾，生怕漏掉一个字。
② A bamboo hat on his head，straw sandals on his feet，carrying pole on his
shoulder，folk song in mouth，the young peasant climbed up to the mountain step by step.
那个年轻的农夫头戴斗笠，脚穿草鞋，肩扛扁担，口哼山歌，一步一步登上山来。
【四】1-5AABBC 6-7 DB
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【四】习题
1. __________ ，he can't go out for a walk as usual．
A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do
2. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth __________ and his eyes __________ ．
A. closed；open B. closed；opened C. closing；open D. closing；opening 3. The old man stood there，__________ ．
A. with back against the wall B. with his back against the wall
C. with back against wall D. his back against wall 4. I used to sleep with the window _____.
A. opened B. open C. opening D. to open 5. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through 6. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.
A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 7. ______, we will surely succeed.
A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helping
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高考试题精选
1. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. ( 上海02春季)
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
2. _______ the production up by 60 %, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000) A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back. (MET91, 22)
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
4. The meeting _______ over, we all left the room and drove home. (上海 87) A. is
B. to be
C. being
D. would be
5. _________, they will go and visit the zoo.(上海86 ) A. Weather permitting
C. Weather being permitted
B. Weather permitted
D. Weather having permitted
6. __________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004北京卷，33) A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _________.(2005年北京卷34) A. going on B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
8. I send you 100 dollars, the rest ___________ in a year。（2005湖南卷34）
A. follow B. followed。
C. to follow
D. being followed
9. __________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient
sought her doctor's help to end her life. (2005/江西/29)
A. Having given up hope of cure C. There being hope for cure
B. With no hope for cure
D. In the hope of cure
10.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 11. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March.
A. has been launched C. being launched
B. having been launched
D. to be launched
Key: 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B 11. B
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独立主格结构 复习巩固
1. She went out, ___________.
A. a gun on shoulder C. gun on his shoulder
B. with gun on shoulder
D. gun on shoulder
2. ________, we went home in a hurry.
A. The meeting was over C. Being over
B. As the meeting being over D. The meeting over
3. The square looks far more beautiful ________
A. with all the lights turning on C. turning on all the lights
B. all the lights turning on
D. with all the lights turned on
4. _________ ,I had to do her work instead.
A. Being ill B. Her being ill
C. She being ill
D. She was ill
5. _________, we’ll have a further discussion.
A. If time permitting C. Permitting time
B. Time permits D. Time permitting
6. _________, she went to bed with great satisfaction.
A. After all done
B. All done
C. All had been done D. Doing all
7. He sat listening to the teacher, __________.
A. opened his mouth C. with his mouth open
B. and opening his mouth D. with mouth open
8. __________, he would most probably be late.
A. Without anybody to call him C. Nobody called him
B. Anybody to call him
D. With him to call
9. __________, they made for the classroom in a hurry.
A. With only three minutes to go C. As only three minutes to go
B. There were only three minutes left
D. Only three minutes were left
10. __________, we are all sure of its success.
A. With he taking charge of the work C. His taking charge of the work
B. With he’s taking charge on the work
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D. With him taking charge of the work
11. A little boy _________ ran into the room.
