虚拟形式)。
1.6 非谓语动词即不定式、动名词、分词用法错误
非谓语动词用法错误主要由以下几个部分构成：①现在分词形式与过去分词形式混淆。如：A. The victory was no more convinced than I had expected(应改为convincing——此处表语为“令人信服”之意，表示主语的特征)；B. The teacher went into the classroom , following by some students(应改为followed——动词follow与其逻辑主语teacher之间应为被动关系); C. The boy’s delighting look tells us that he passed the exam(应改为delighted——此处定语为“高兴的、兴奋的”之意，表示主语的状态)；②不定式与动名词相互混淆。如：A. To lie is vice(应改为lying——此处主语指的是抽象的概念性动作)；B. Lying about it will only make matters worse(应改为To lie——此处主语指的是具体的、一次性的动作)； ③非谓语动作发生时间与谓语动作发生时间方面出现错误。如：I remember locking the door when I left home this morning(应改为having locked——非谓语动
作发生时间应早于主语动作时间)；④特殊非谓语动词结构方面出现错误。如：A. It is no use to argue about it as he will never change his mind(应改为arguing——此处为It is/There is no use ＋doing something固定结构)；B. You have to practise to speak English as much as possible now since you are going to England next year(应改为speaking——practise后的宾语要用-ing分词形式)。
1.6 倒装结构错误
倒装结构错误主要表现为：①表示否定意义的词或词组位于句首时，句子未用倒装结构。如：Under no circumstances we should do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others(应改为should we do——具有否定意义的词及词组位于句首时，句子需用倒装结构)；②only引导状语位于句首时，句子未用倒装结构。如：Only when David did it a second time he realized his mistakes(应改为did he realize——以only开头的词或词组位于句首修饰全句时，句子要用倒装语序)；③以so, such
等开头的句子未用倒装结构。如：So badly the boy was injured that he was detained in the hospital for months(应改为was the boy——so, such等加形容词、副词位于句首，句子要用倒装结构)；④倒装结构中的其它常见错误。如：A. Away the car went like whirlwind(应改为went the car——一些表示运动方向的副词位于句首时，句子要用倒装结构)；B. “Come back on time, my boy,” the mother said angrily(应改为said the mother——直接引语置于句首且主语为非人称代词时，主谓部分应采用倒装结构)。
1.7 肯定形式与否定形式错误
肯定、否定错误主要表现为在特定的上下文环境中该用肯定形式却用成了否定形式或反之。如：A. There is enough audience and also it is a large room, you will probably not have to use a
microphone(去掉not——由上下文内容来看，该句应用肯定形式)；B. Science itself is harmless, but as soon as it can provide technology, it is not necessarily harmful (应改为harmless——本句所
要说明的是科学在某种条件下的危害性)；C. The Department of Environment was created shows how unimportant this issue is
considered to be(应改为important——上下文所要说明的是该问题的重要性)。
1.9 平行结构错误
平行结构错误指的是根据句子的意思需要、句子的结构要求或表达习惯的限制等句中某些并列、对等部分应在形式上或意义上保持一致而实际上却未能如此。如：A. My roommate is generous, inconsiderate, and easy to get along with(应改为considerate——根据上下文的意思应为“体谅人”之意)；B. Black Smith mopped the floor, cleaned the windows, and other odd jobs(应在and与other之间加did——该句谓语部分为由三个不同动作构成的并列谓语)；C. The value of a course depends as much on its inherent interest on its practical use(应在interest与on之间加as——本句应为as…as固定结构)。
