我国商业银行个人贷款业务发展研究
摘 要
我国商业银行个人贷款业务起步于上世纪80年代，虽然与发达国家个人贷款业务相比起步较晚，发展较为落后，但是近几年来，随着生活水平的提高，居民愈发接受了个人贷款消费的消费理念，个人贷款业务的市场不断扩大。面对国内巨大的个人贷款市场，我国的商业银行也越来越重视零售业务的发展，个人贷款业务正逐步成为我国商业银行业务发展的重点和利润增长点，其重要性正日益提升。由于起步较晚，并且受经济制度，信用体制的影响，我国商业银行的个人贷款业务仍处于探索与发展阶段，不论是在业务的发展环境还是业务本身来说，都存在着一定的问题与不足，这些都限制了个人贷款业务稳定的发展。本文通过对美国为例的发达国家个人贷款业务特点的研究，进一步探索我国商业银行个人贷款业务现阶段的发展现状，并提出了所存在问题，进而根据不足之处提出几点改进建议。
本文的研究重点主要在于以下三点：一. 通过对美国的个人贷款业务所在环境与业务本身特点的分析，突出发达国家个人贷款业务的显著优势以及我国可借鉴之处。二.以个人贷款业务中的个人消费贷款为主要研究对象，分析我国商业银行个人贷款业务的发展及现状，并提出不足之处。三.就如何完善个人贷款业务，根据所存在的问题，提出了几点建议措施，为了更好的发展我国商业银行的个人贷款业务，我国商业银行应采取实行分类指导，扩大客户需求；完善信用制度；拓展其他类个人贷款业务；改进业务流程，提升服务水平；加强管理力度，控制个贷风险等措施。
关键词：商业银行；个人贷款；信用；贷款风险
我国商业银行个人贷款业务发展研究
ABSTRACT
Commercial banks’ personal loan business in our country began in 1980’s. Although compared with developed country, our personal loan business has a late start, recently, with the increasing of residents’ income and the improving of their life quality, residents in our country gradually accept a sense of consumption by credit loan. Thus the market of personal loan in our country is increasing day by day. Under this potential market, commercial banks in China pay more attention on development of retail business. Personal loan business becomes the focus of business development in commercial bank and the point in having profit. We can see this business is playing a more significant role in bank. For the reason of late beginning and restriction from economy policy and credit construction, personal loan business in China is still in the process of exploring and developing and there are lots of problems and shortages existing, both from the aspects of finance environment and the personal loan business itself. My study compared our country’s personal loan business with that of developed country, in which I take United States for example. Then I examine the situation of our personal loan business both in history and in current, from which, I point out different problems existing in China’s commercial bank loan business. Finally, I suggest varies measures to deals with problems.
The three main points in my study are as followings: First, to outstanding the advantages of finance environment and business in America through the analysis of American personal loan business and to find out certain aspects that we can learn from. Second, take personal commercial loan as the main object of personal loan business study to analyze the shortcomings in this business’s development. Third, in order to construct a better and a more satisfying personal loan business in China, several suggestions are given to improve the development of this business, such as having different ways of lead taking account of different finance situation, strengthening customer demand, completing credit construction, paying more attention on other personal loan business as well as some dominant personal business, improving the business process and staff service, reinforcing management and control of loan risk etc.
KEY WORDS: Commercial bank; Personal loan; Credit Loan; Risk
我国商业银行个人贷款业务发展研究
目 录
1 前言 ...................................................................... 4
1.1 选题背景 ............................................................. 4 1.2 选题意义 ............................................ 错误！未定义书签。 1.3 文献综述 ............................................ 错误！未定义书签。 1.4 文章结构 ............................................................. 7 2 发达国家个人贷款业务的借鉴及启示 ........................................... 8
2.1 成熟的社会经济制度 ................................................... 8 2.2 健全的个人信用制度 ................................................... 8 2.3 庞大的金额监管体系 ................................................... 9 2.4 完善的信用法律体系 .................................................. 10 2.5 必不可少的信贷担保制度 .............................................. 10 2.6 现今的业务操作流程 .................................................. 11 3 我国商业银行个人贷款业务的发展历程及现状分析 .............................. 11
3.1 我国商业银行个人贷款业务的发展历程 .................................. 11 3.2 从个人贷款业务的分类来看其现状 ...................................... 13
3.2.1 个人住房按揭贷款 .............................................. 14 3.2.2 汽车消费贷款 .................................................. 15 3.2.3 其他个人贷款业务 .............................................. 16
4 我国商业银行个人贷款业务的问题分析 ........................................ 17
4.1 客户需求方面 ........................................................ 17 4.2 信用制度方面 ........................................................ 18 4.3 业务品种方面 ........................................................ 18 4.4 业务流程方面 ........................................................ 19 4.5 风险管理方面 ........................................................ 20 5 提升个人贷款业务的对策分析 ................................................ 21
5.1 实行分类指导，扩大客户需求 .......................................... 21 5.2 完善信用制度 ........................................................ 23 5.3 拓展其他类个人贷款业务 .............................................. 24 5.4 改进业务流程，提升服务水平 .......................................... 25 5.5 加强管理力度，控制个贷风险 .......................................... 27 6 结论与展望 ............................................................... 27
6.1 结论 ................................................................ 27 6.2 未来展望 ............................................................ 28 参考文献 ................................................................... 29
我国商业银行个人贷款业务发展研究
1 前言
1.1 选题背景
改革开放20年来，我国的经济得到了持续快速的增长，期间投资一直是拉动中国经济增长最为主要的动力。随着我国工业化及城市化进程的加速，投资率逐年攀升，然而与投资率相比，我国的消费水平增长率却低于GDP的增长率。
刺激消费一直是我国扩大内需的重要举措，是金融业的重点和着眼点，在投资率持续上升拉动经济增长的同时，启动消费需求对支撑经济的良好发展有着重要意义。银行的个人贷款业务刺激了消费需求，促进了经济结构的调整，增强了居民个人购买能力，保证人贷款业务的良好走向及稳步发展，是与国家的经济政策导向相一致的。
我国经济的高速增长，为我国商业银行的零售业务的发展奠定了坚定地经济基础，居民收入的不断提高为零售业务的发展提供了广阔的市场空间。此外，我国住房制度的不断改革，社会医疗养老，保险等制度的日益成熟，特别是近年来，我国消费品物价不断提升，房价不断飙升，农民调整产品结构以提高农产品的品种，教育卫生等事业的改革以及新经济周期启动预期下相当一部分人消费模式的改变，居民追求高品质生活水平的意识不断提高使传统的消费观念正在逐渐被超前消费，透支消费的理念所取代，更多的居民开始接受了贷款消费。这给个人贷款业务提供了良好的发展空间与强劲的社会需求。
我国商业银行的个人贷款业务起步于20世纪80年代末期，较之于发达国家起步较晚。1999年3月，中国人民银行颁布了《关于开展个人消费信贷的指导意见》、此后，商业银行的个人贷款业务快速发展，个人贷款业务由最初的个人住房按揭贷款的一种，发展到了个人大额耐用消费品贷款，个人医疗贷款，家庭装修贷款，个人助学贷款，个人汽车消费贷款等贷款领域。
近年来，我国各大银行都强调进一步深入推进业务发展模式和盈利模式的战略转变，加快业务创新和结构调整，提高市场竞争能力。在继续着力推进特色经营、打造专业优势方面，目标也更加清晰和坚定。
