of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.
In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. We should be honest in social life.
文章用现象法开篇入题指出社会上存在许多不诚实的现象，并举了两个例子加以说明。第二段用对比的方法从正反两方面阐述诚实利人利己。第三段顺理成章地得出结论：我们应当诚实，并提供了理由。
文章主题突出，层次分明，语言流畅，一气呵成。
以下谚语常可用于立论类论说文中:
1) As a popular saying goes, ―Every coin has two sides‖.
2) As a proverb says, ―Everything has two sides‖. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3) As a proverb says, ―Where there is a will there is a way.‖ (有志者事竟成)
4) As a popular saying goes, ―A man is known by the company he
keeps.‖(观其交友，知其为人)
5) As is known to all, ―No pains, no gains‖.(没有苦，就没有甜。或：不劳无获。)
5.7 比较类论说文
比较类论说文要求作者对两项事物的优缺点进行比较，通过优劣对比，作者往往要表明赞同或反对的倾向或意见。历年四级考试曾出现过的有Bicycle – An Important Means of Transport in China。
这类作文的结构可概括为：
第一段：引出比较的两个事物，表明作者赞同或反对其中一事物。
第二段：比较两事物的优缺点。比较的方法有两种：一种是整体化比较，另一种是分项比较。整体化比较的写作模式是：（A1， A2， A3）vs (B1, B2, B3), 即先列出A事物的优点，再列出B事物的缺点。分项比较的格式是：A1 vs B1, A2 vs B2, A3 vs B3。
第三段：结论。 例文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the title Bicycle – An Important Means of
Transport in China. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 为什么自行车在中国这样普及 2. 和汽车的比较 3. 自行车在中国的前途
Bicycle – An Important Means of Transport in China
The bicycle is the most common means of transport in our country. There are several reasons for that. First, most people are not rich enough to buy a car. Since the bicycle is not expensive, it is affordable by the average Chinese families. Second, China has a large population and the traffic is heavy. The bicycle has the advantage of being small in size. A road which can only allow two cars to pass may allow more than ten bicycles to run side by side. Finally, people enjoy riding a bicycle to school, to work and on outing. It is so pleasant and the exercise is good for people’s health.
Compared with a car, a bicycle has its disadvantages and advantages. For instance, a bicycle is not fit for a long distance trip. A person who sits all day long in a car might get fat and unhealthy, while a person on a bicycle may gain good health and pleasure.
The bicycle is popular in China and it will remain so for a long time to come. Many things must change before cars became
common in China. Therefore, in the foreseeable future, the bicycle will still be welcome.
比较类论说文可采用以下模式：
When we …… it is inevitable to meet the choice between A and B. We should be regarded as inconsiderate if we rushed our decision without comparing or contrasting them.
First/First of all/To begin with, both A and B …… A …… However
B
……
Besides/Moreover/In
addition/What’s
more A …… However/In contrast/On the contrary/On the other hand …… Finally the most striking difference is that A …… while B …… Therefore it is not difficult to make a right choice now.
If we …… we will choose A; but if we …… we will turn to B. In a word, the key lies in ……
常用于比较类论说文的句型包括：
1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D). 2) A and B have sth in common. 3) A is similar to B.
4) The advantages of A are much greater than B. 5) compared with B, A has many advantages.
