高中英语讲义
题型二 短文改错
一、动词形式
动词形式的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面: 1.动词的时态和语态错误。 2.主、谓不一致的错误。 3.非谓语动词的误用。
[典例1] One was that...And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.(2019·全国Ⅱ) [is→was 考查动词的时态。整篇文章使用的都是一般过去时,且上文中的“One was that...”用的也是一般过去时,所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。这里讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。]
[典例2] Now my dream is to opens a cafe.Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[opens→open 不定式作表语,to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
required→requires 后一句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态是一般现在时。故把 required改为 requires。]
[典例3] I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.(2019·全国Ⅰ) [interesting→interested 考查形容词。短语become interested in意为“变得对……感兴趣”。interesting有趣的,吸引人的,通常描述事物;interested感兴趣的,通常描述人的感受。本句主语是人,故把interesting改为interested。]
[典例4] If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.(2019·全国Ⅲ) [manage→managing 考查非谓词动词。succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。] 名师点津: 考生应认真分析动词的时态和语态是否正确,是否应用非谓语动词形式。尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息?包括明信息:时间状语;暗信息:上下文语境?仔细推敲,从而确定正确的动词时态。同时还需要考虑动词的及物与不及物以及主谓一致与虚拟语气。 二、名词的数
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高中英语讲义
名词单复数的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面:
1.可数名词单复数的错用:一般考查错把复数用作单数,有时也考查错把单数用作复数。 2.不可数名词单复数的错用:不可数名词没有复数形式。
3.可数名词与不可数名词混淆:有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词,应注意具体语境。
解题时要理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系;记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法。 [典例5] All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,saying that I had a talent for football.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[player→players “player(运动员)”为可数名词,所以all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。]
[典例6] Since I was a kid,I’ve considered different job I would like to do.(2019·全国Ⅱ) [job→jobs “job(工作;职业)”为可数名词,用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作,应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。]
[典例7] I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.(2019·全国Ⅲ) [city→cities many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。] 三、注意形和副
形容词和副词的错误设置一般包括以下两个方面: 1.形容词和副词的误用。 2.原级、比较级和最高级的误用。
[典例8] I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[hardly→hard “hard(用力地)”与“hardly(几乎不)”都为副词,但是词义不同。此处表示“我用力把球踢回操场”,故将hardly改为hard。]
[典例9] First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.(2019·全国Ⅱ) [coolly→cool 句中的look为系动词,系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。] [典例10] One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
[amazing→amazed amazed吃惊的,惊讶的;amazing令人吃惊的,令人惊讶的。v.-ed形容词说明人的感受,意为“感到……的”;v.-ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,此处说明主语I的感受,故用v.-ed形式的形容词。]
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高中英语讲义
[典例11] What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.(2019·全国Ⅲ) [ordinarily→ordinary 修饰名词cafe应用形容词。故把ordinarily改为 ordinary。] 四、代词的格与数
代词的错误设置一般包括以下两个方面: 1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。 2.不定代词的误用及混用。
[典例12] In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
[yourselves→themselves 此处指代主语customers,故把 yourselves改为 themselves。]
五、介词短语须关注
介词的错误设置主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。
[典例13] I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.(2019·全国Ⅲ) [删除like such as和like都表示“例如”,句意重复。故把like删除。] 六、连词、从句常光顾
1.连词but,and,or,because,so的用法错误
考生应认真分析句子结构,如果是并列句或复合句,要特别注意前后分句或主从句的关系,确保在意义和结构上通顺流畅。
[典例14] Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[but→and “足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。]
[典例15] When I studied chemistry in high school,I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
[or→and reconsidered my goal和decided to be a doctor之间为顺承关系,并非选择关系,故将or改为and。] 2.各大从句细揣摩
[典例16] One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.
(2019·全国Ⅰ)
[where→when 本句含有一个定语从句,先行词为One afternoon,且引导词在从句中作时间
好好努力 梦想终会实现 3
状语,应用关系副词when。故把where改为when。]
好好努力 梦想终会实现
高中英语讲义
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