西 南 交 通 大 学 本科毕业设计（论文）
姓 名:夏云霞指导老师:刘盾
外文资料翻译
年 级:2012级 学 号:20124059
专 业:电子商务
2016 年 5 月
Logistics in commerce Ⅲ:
A guide to planning the logistics process
1、Typesoflogisticsagents
Differenttypesoflogisticsagentsexistdependingonthecoverandnatureoftheservicestheyperform.Accordingtothedefinitiongivenby Alberto Maier, the international logistics expert, thefirstlevelismadeupoftheso-called anagerwhichmaybethecompanyoranother
logisticsagentwhichmanagesseveralprocesses.TogiveaPracticalexamplewhichiseasytounderstand,inthefieldofe-commerceitmightbealorrydriverwhoiscontractedbyalocal.supermarketwhichsellsonlinealloverthecitytodistributeitsproducts.
ThesecondlevelismadeupofSecondPartyLogisticsor2PL,
companieswhichcoordinateseveral1PLservicestocovertransportandstorage,forexample. Forexample,
atransportagencywhichmanagesdifferentroutes.
So,
ifthesupermarketwhichisourexampleabovesoldproductsalloverSpain,itmightcontractthistypeofservicetocoverthenationalterritory.
ThirdPartyLogisticsor3PLmanagethemainpartofthecompany'slogistics,theflowof goodsbetweendifferentorganizations,fromtransportationuptopackagingorstorage,coordinatingseveral1PL,2PLorevenother3PL.Theyareintegratedserviceswhichaddedvalue-addedandaresometimesalsoresponsibleformanagingthecompany'ssupplychain.
Forexample,anonlinestorewhichcontractsoutthemanagementofitsordersandstorage toanoperatorwhichisinchargeofpackagingthemwiththecompanylogoandsending
themtotheendcustomer,thankstotheintegrationwiththecompany'sorder managementITsystem.
Lastly,FourthPartyLogisticsor4PLarein
chargeoftheentiretyofthelogisticsprocess,includingthecompany,itsclientsanditssuppliers.Alsoknownasvirtualoperators,they
manageandcoordinateotherserviceoperators'knowledgeandresources.Anexample wouldbeAmazon,whichtakesresponsibilityforpickingup,packagingandsendingorders madebyonlinestoreswhicharewithinitsownelectronicmarket,alsosendingitbyitsownsuppliers.
Hence,thefirstthingistosee
whatkindofoperatoryouneed,andwhatoptionseachofthemprovidestoseeiftheyfitinwithyourneeds.Youcanenquiretoseewhatsuppliers
areavailableonLogismarketorFIATA,andoncewehavethelistwehavetoanswerthe
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?FirstPartyLogistics?or1PL,
whichareresponsibleforaspecificactivitywithinthelogisticsprocess,andaresubcontractedbyam
questionswhichfollowbelow.
2、Whattypesofproductscantheysend?
Usuallynoproblemsariseinfindingalogistics operatortosendsmalland/orlightproducts.Butnotallofthemhaveservicesforheavyloadsorlargevolumes,and,whatismore,itis thesefigureswhichdeterminetherangeofprices. thedeliverycosts.
AspokespersonforUPS,whichisawareoftheserequirements,tellsusthatthecompany createdanewaircargoservicein2013calledUPSWorldwideExpressFreight, ntscantransportpalletsofover70kgaspackagesexclusivelythroughtheUPS globalnetworkfrom37countriesoforigin
-
includingSpain
-
to41countriesand
destinationterritories”,UPSsays.Thisdefineddate,homedeliverywithamoneyback guaranteeincludesnext-dayworkabledaydeliveryfromEurope,thePacificAsiaregionor fromSouthAmericatotheUnitedStates.
DHLsaysthatbecauseoftheirlargenetworktheyareabletosendbothsmallandlargevolumes.“IntheExpressdivisionourdeliveriesarebyplane.WealsohavetheDHLGlobalForwardingdivisionwhichoffersseacargoservicestoanywhereallovertheworld”.They
alsosaytheyhavecapacitytopickuptheproductatacertainwarehouseswithinSpainanddeliveritatseveralpointsinanothercountry,whichmaybedirectlytothehomeoftheend
customer.“Thisservicehasreal-timemonitoringandacknowledgementofreceipt”saysNuno.
Butlogisticsoperatorsarenotchosenpurelybymeasurements.Certainproducts,suchasfoods,needtobspeciallyrefrigeratedinordertomaintainthecoldchain.
Integra2
isalogisticsoperatorwhichoffersarefrigeratedhomedeliverye-commerceserviceforthegourmetfoodsector,andwhichguaranteesthatthecoldchainwillbemaintainedatbetween+2oCand+8Cfromthetime
thepackageispickedupuntildelivery.Wearetoldthattheirshipmentsystemguaranteesa100%moneybackguaranteeandanautomaticsendingofanSMSand/oremailwhentheshipmentisdocumented.ThesystemalsooffersaupcomingdeliverymessagesentbySMS.Forthetimebeing,homedeliveryisperformedinSpainandPortugal.
forheavy
internationalshipmentswhichareurgent,time-sensitiveandofgreatvalue.“WithThisservice,clie
hence,youshouldmakeanaverage
estimateoftheweightandthemeasuresofthearticleswhichwillbetransportedtocalculate
3、Dotheyprovidehomedelivery?
Homedeliveryiswhatiscalledthe?lastmile?,whichisthesectionoftheshipmentfromthe timethepackagereachesthelogisticsoperator'sfacilitiesuptothespecificaddresswhichthecustom
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