黑暗版考研英语历年阅读真题解析
2002 Text 1
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. \. \God,\, \.\
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote \you don't succeed, give up\or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
41. To make your humor work, you should ________. [A] take advantage of different kinds of audience [B] make fun of the disorganized people
[C] address different problems to different people [D] show sympathy for your listeners
42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________. [A] impolite to new arrivals
[B] very conscious of their godlike role [C] entitled to some privileges
[D] very busy even during lunch hours
43. It can be inferred from the text that public services ________. [A] have benefited many people [B] are the focus of public attention
[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock
44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________. [A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible [C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible
45. The best title for the text may be ________. [A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor [C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies
黑暗版考研英语历年阅读真题解析
重点词汇：
identify ????????? （辨别；视为????同一）即ident+ify，ident词根“同一”，-ify动词后缀“使??”；identification（识别；身份证明）←identify去y加-ication名词后缀；identical（同一的）←ident+ical形容词后缀。Any man over thirty identifies his youth with the worst fault he thinks he is capable of.任何过了三十岁的人都把自己的青年时代视为自认所能犯下的最大错误。
relevant ???????? （相关的；???意义重大的）即re+lev+ant，re-前缀，lev词根“升，举”，-ant形容词后缀，故“从??升起的”→“源自??的”→相关的。同根词：elevate（升举，提高）←e+lev+ate；elevator（电梯，升降机）←e+lev+at(e)+or。The discovery and use of knowledge has always been relevant to a humane future.对于一个人道的未来，知识的发现与运用一直是关系重大的。
sympathy ??????? （?n.?同情；共鸣）?
即sym+path+y，sym-（=syn-，在p前n变形为m以方便发音，前缀“同”），path词根“感情”，-y抽象名词后缀；sympathize/sympathise（v.同情；共鸣），-ize/-ise为动词后缀；sympathetic（同情的；共鸣的）←sym+path+etic形容词后缀。Next to love, sympathy is the divinest passion of the human heart.同情心是人类心中仅次于爱的最神圣的情感。Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friend's success.人人都能同情朋友的痛苦，然而共享朋友的成功需要非常优良的品性。To be sympathetic without discrimination is so very debilitating.有同情心而无识别力是多么虚弱。Reading is not merely sympathizing and understanding; it is also criticizing and judging.阅读不仅是同情与理解，也是批评与判断。
alternatively ??????????? （二者择一地；另外）←alter改变+nat(e)+ive+ly；alternative（二者择一的；供选择的事物）←alter+nat(e)+ive；alternate（v.交替；交替的）←alter+nate。Love's alternate joy and woe.爱情就是交替的欢乐与痛苦。The more alternative, the more difficult the choice.可选择的东西越多，就越难选择。guangxian注：哲学家布里丹的虚拟驴子在两堆等距离等体积的谷堆面前饿死。
convention ???????? ?（大会；惯???例；公约）即con+ven(t)+tion，con-一起，ven(t)来，-tion名词后缀，故“人们来到一起”→开“大会”，而“大会制定的规则”即是“公约”，公约遵守时间长了就成为“惯例”。The danger doesn't lie in the hypothetical disasters of revolution, but in conventions impeding progress.危险不在于革命的臆测的灾难，而在于阻碍进步的成规。
病是非常适宜的。←这句话是西方医学之父希波克拉底说的。
inedible ??????? （不可食的）←???in否定前缀+ed(=eat)+ible能??的。
resent ?????? ?（?v.愤怒、怨恨）即?re+sent，re（=against反对），sent（=sense感觉），于是“在感觉上反对”→愤恨。People don't resent having nothing nearly as much as too little.人们所不满的往往是太少，而不是没有。
disparaging ?????????? （轻视????的）←dis否定前缀+par平等+ag(e)后缀+ing后缀。 scapegoat ???????? ?（替罪羊）???可这样记：escape（n.v.逃跑）←e+scape，把e看作ex-，则scape就是没有“离开”的→“逃不掉的”→“留下来替罪的”，于是scape+goat→替罪羊。与“羊”有关的另一习语：black sheep（害群之马；败家子），源自谚语There is a black sheep in every flock.
casual ??????? （偶然的；???漫不经心的）即cas降落+ual后缀；casualty（严重意外事故；伤亡者）←cas+ual+ty名词后缀。As sheer casual reading-matter, I still find the English dictionary the most interesting books in our language.作为纯粹随意浏览的读物，我还是觉得英语词典是以我们的语言写成的最有趣的书。 off-the-cuff 即席的。
deliver ?????? ?（v?.传递；释放；发表；?分娩）即de+liver，de-前缀“使”，liver(=liber)词根“自由”，于是从“使自由”推出deliver的各项含义；delivery ???????? （?传?递?）←deliver+y名词后缀。Lord, deliver me from myself.主啊，解放不能自拔的我吧。The day of the printed word is far from ended. Swift as is the delivery of ?the ????radio bulletin, graphic as is television's eyewitness picture, the task of adding meaning and clarity remains urgent.印刷文字的时代远未结束。尽管广播新闻传递迅速，电视现场画面生动，补充事件含义进而澄清事实的任务仍旧是迫切的。 light-hearted 轻松愉快的。
familiar ??????? （熟悉的；亲近的）???即famil(y)+iar形容词后缀，“感觉像家一样的”；familiarity（熟悉）←familiar+ity名词后缀。The two most engaging powers of an author are to make new things familiar, and familiar things new.作家最吸引人的两种力量，是使新鲜的事物变得熟悉，和使熟悉的事物变得新鲜。familiarity — the opiate of the imagination 熟悉——想象力的麻醉剂。
exaggeration
???????????/ （夸张）???←?ex加?
stomp ????? （?n.v?.重踏）←stamp（邮票；强语气+agger堆积+ation名词后缀；exaggerate（夸标志）也有相同含义，想象“猛盖邮戳”→重踏。 张）←ex+agger+ate动词后缀。We exaggerate
misfortune and happiness alike. We are never
appropriate ????????? （适当????either so wretched or so happy as we say we are.的）即ap+propri+ate，ap-前缀加强语气，propri看不幸和幸福被我们同样夸大了。我们从不像我们所说的那作proper（适当的），-ate后缀；inappropriate 么痛苦，也从不那么快乐。exaggeration — a truth /??????????/ （不适当的）????←in否that has lost its temper 夸张——发脾气的真理。 定前缀+appropriate。Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases.烈性药物对于重understatement
??????????? （掩饰；???轻描淡写??
黑暗版考研英语历年阅读真题解析
的陈述）←under+statement；反义词：overstatement（夸大的陈述）←over+statement。
privilege v???????? ?（n.?优惠；?词根.给予优惠或特权）即“私人的”，leg词根privi+leg+e“法律”（如，legalprivi(=private)?特权“法律的；合法的”←leg+al），e为小词，于是“私人的法律”→特权。of those who have suffered.To have become a deeper man is the privilege 过磨难的人的特权。
变得更加深谋远虑是受effectively ef+fect+ive+ly???????? ?（有效地）?-iveeffective形容词后缀，，ef--ly前缀表“加强”副词后缀；去，fect??即ly词根“做”即为形容词，world 。The most effective water power in the 人的眼泪。— women's tears.what about what you know you effective communication 世界上最有效的水力——女know and 80 per cent —how 20 per cent you feel 的东西加80%你对所了解的东西的感受。有效的交际——20% 你所了解难句解析：
①and should help to show them that you are one Your humor must be relevant to the audience of and are in sympathy with their point of view. them or that you understand their situation ▲该句是一个复杂单句，句子的主语是your humor，后面有两个平行的谓语must be和should help，它们后面分别有其宾语。to showthat you are one of them，而它的宾语比较复杂，其中should help是两个并列的宾语从句：后面的宾语是不定式their point of viewsituation and are in 和sympathy that you understand △本句结构比较简明，，中间用with their 只需注意or连接。show them 后面是两个并列的宾语从句就可以了。后面的宾语从句中有个很有用的词组in sympathy with，表示同情、同意、赞同。 ②addressing, you will be in a position to know the If you are part of the group which you are experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. passing remark about the inedible canteen ▲if引导了一个条件从句，而后面的主句是两个子句构成的并列句。在第一个子句know you will be in a position to common to all of youthe experiences common to all of you中又有一个定语从句and problems which which are are problems来修饰the experiences and to do sth.，而后面的子句的结构是一个it is adj. for sb. △要看懂本句，重点在于要把后面的两个子句断开，并分的结构。
别理解。
③off-the-cuff Include a few relaxed and unforced mannerremarks which casual you and can deliver apparently ▲该句是一个祈使句。谓语是include. in a ，宾语是remarks，后面有一个定语从句修饰它。
△注意该句的特性。另外注意off-the-cuff的意思。 ④audience Often it's remember to the delivery which causes the unbelieving look may help to show that you are that smile, a raised so speak eyebrow slowly or and an making a light-hearted remark.
▲整句可以看成是由so连接的并列句，前后有一定的因果关系。前面的子句是一个强调结构，而后面又是一个祈
使remember句，其谓语动词是speak和remember。而△要理解前后的因果关系。后面又是一个很长的宾语从句。 试题解析：
41. [C]本题的难度值为
0.745，比较容易。
本题考的是局部信息。考生只要看懂了第一段第三句话“problems will be differentDepending on whom you are addressing, the evidence准确地回答本题。的一段从第三句话往后都是在说针对不，也就是后面的第四句话所表达的意思，”以及后面的supporting 就能够同的人要用不同的幽默。联系C选项：根据不同的人按照不同的问题来解决（这里的addressing这里的address，原句的address不同原句中的
可以意译为针对addressing……是与采取相应的方法）….谈话的意思，。因此入选。 A文字游戏了，原文所强调的是按照不同种类的听众来采用选项意为：
充分利用不同种类的听众。这个就是个不同的幽默手段，而不是去利用听众。注意，如果这个选项改成“利用听众是分不同种类的” Bthe disorganized methods of their secretaries选项意为：取笑那些行为混乱的人。，那么还有点可选性。原文中refer to disorganized出现所以该选项不能入选。是用来形容methods的，而不是人的。 D
的第二句中出现了这句话，但是请注意，题目问的是如何选项意为：对你的听众表示同情。原文中在第一段能使你的幽默成功，而第二句则是谈幽默成功后的好处。一个是问原因，一个是陈述结果，所以这属于偷换概念，因此不能入选。42. [B]此题的难度合适
0.342，区分度不太理想。
本题的关键是看学生是否理解第二段结尾St．Peter的话。有42.8％的考生选C项是因为没有理解St．Peter的话，而把注意力放在了医生的所作所为上，即医生把新来的人推到一边，冲到队伍的最前面等等，因而给人一种他享有特权的印象。 采用沪友sartre的说法：首先，根据常识就算你是上帝也没有特权插队，医生就更不用说了。在护士看来医生地位是同她们平等的，决不会认为他们应该有何特权，因此护士十分痛恨医生高高在上的态度，所以听了这个笑话她们才会发自内心的狂笑。其次，我是学医的，补充点背景知识：一般来说在医院里护士对医生（实习除外）“惟命是从”，不是因为医生有特权，而是由于二者的工作性质不同。大多数情况下是医生开医嘱，护士具体执行，一个动口，一个动手。貌似医生是主人，护士是仆人。所以医生发号施令习惯了会产生“godlike role”的感觉是很自然的。 因此选，毕竟那个上帝插队可不是只针对新来的人的，更何况AB选项意为：选项：非常在意他们上帝般的角色。入选。对于新来的人不礼貌。这个应该很少有人 文章根本没有想突出这种想法。估计不少人都是选了这个选项。由题目看出，是问在护士C选项意为：享有某种特权。这个选项相当有迷惑性，
的眼中，医生…..如果选了C选项，就等于说在护士的眼中，医生是享有某种特权的。这就含有了一种护士对医生的肯定成分。而原文那个笑话明显是在说护士对医生这种行为的不满，护士对医生是持否定态度的。因此两者相矛盾，不能入选。
有什么好解释的，过于肤浅的陈述了，而且在原文中没有D选项意为：即使在午饭的时候都非常忙。这个也没根据。插队的人不是因为忙，而是因为道德品质问题…… 43. 此题的难度合适[D]
0.307，区分度好0.280。
本题的关键是第三段的最后一句话，意思是：你去开邮局或电话系统（即public services）的玩笑则比较安全，不会有冒犯什么人的危险，同时本句中还出现了一个关键词“scapegoats”，意思是替罪羊。这个词如果知道
黑暗版考研英语历年阅读真题解析
意思的话就很容易选了。说明public services常常成为人们的笑柄。因此联系D选项：经常成为笑柄。入选。 A选项意为：使许多人受益。这个属于利用常识充当干扰项。大家都知道公共服务肯定使许多人受益，这是个常识。但是文章没有提到这点，更没有强调这点。所以这种不用看文章都知道是常识的选项往往不是正确选项。 B选项意为：是公众关注的焦点。文章中陈述的是公众服务单位经常成为大家谈论的笑柄，这个如果都算是焦点就太有讽刺意味了呵呵。 C选项意为：公众服务不适合用来当幽默的对象。这个和原文意思恰恰相反，自然排除。 44. [D]
此题的难度合适0.542，区分度好。
本题主要考第四段的内容。其中有一些关键词，如：“natural”，“relaxed”，“unforced”，
“light-hearted”等。只要考生看懂了这些词的意思，这道题就很容易了。因此第四段都是在强调说笑话的时候要自然，平和，全身放轻松?就和演讲一样，只要不紧张就行。因此联系D选项：尽可能的随意。入选。 A选项意为：措辞要恰当。这个或许是一种要求，但是根据最优选项的原则不能入选，毕竟原文中通过第四段明显指出自然，随和才是成功的关键。 B选项意为：尽可能的笨拙些。这个纯粹搞笑了，讲笑话又不是小丑表演，哪有故意装结巴的呵呵。 C选项意为：采用夸大的言辞。这个倒是常用在幽默里，但是同A选项，这个不是文章主要想强调的。因此也不能入选。
45. [A]
此题的难度合适0.627，区分度好。
这道题考的是对全文的理解，是一道总括题。答总括题需要利用全文的信息。从全文各段的内容来看，文章主要是讲如何有效地使用幽默。采用排除法很容易确定本题的答案。那么我来解释下其他几个选项为什么不对。 B选项意为：不同种类的幽默。这个属于过于片面了。的确文章开始是在讲针对不同类的人用不同种类的幽默，但是文章后半部分是在讲如果有效利用幽默，即要说的自然，平和，随意。更何况文章也没详细指出是哪几种幽默。因此不能入选。 C选项意为：在演讲中加入幽默手段。这个又属于常识性的干扰项。本意是没错，幽默是演讲中的好方法。但是文章没有特别提到演讲这个东西，更没有提到在演讲中加
入幽默。文章针对的是如何利用幽默，如何有效使用幽默。因此不能入选。
D选项意为：不同的幽默策略。这个属于比较强的干扰项。但是请注意，文章没有在详细讲不同的幽默策略。如果这个选项是标题，那么文章就该详细写幽默分几种策略，每种策略应该怎么运用。但是实际原文并没有这么写，而是写如何运用幽默。换句话说，文章强调的是运用幽默，而不是幽默的不同性。因此不能入选。 全文翻译：
如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑，你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。你的幽默必须与听众有关，能够向他们显示你是他们的一员，或者你了解他们的情况，同情他们的观点。根据与你谈话的不同对象，问题也有所不同。如果你在和一群经理谈话，你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法紊乱；相反，如果你在和一群秘书谈话，你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法紊乱。
下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好，因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。一个人到了天堂，由圣彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善，然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。“这是谁啊？”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。”
如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。而对于其他听众，你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默，因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊，那你就会很安全。 如果你在幽默时感到很别扭，你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑，因此说慢一些，并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。 留意幽默，它常常是在出其不意的时候出现。它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一开始不成功，就放弃”，或者是玩弄语言和情景。留意夸张和打折扣的话。考虑一下你的谈话，选出一些词汇和句子，颠倒它们的秩序，并注入一些幽默。
2002 Text 2
论坛讨论帖地址：http://www.hjbbs.com/thread-20-388478.htm
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy — far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge. \specific error,\, manager of a robotics program at NASA, \can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world.\
