8B Unit 6 知识梳理
一、重点单词
blind adj.瞎的,盲的 (blindness n.); deaf adj. 聋的; disabled adj. 残疾的; elderly adj.上了年纪的 (elder,); homeless adj. 无家可归 (home); group n. 小组, v. 分组; tough adj. 困难的,费力的 (hard,difficult);
within prep. 在...之内; hill n. 小山; mountain n. 高山; excellent adj.极好的 (an excellent chance) chance n.机会; spirit n. 精神,灵魂; record n.& v. 记录; fitness n. 健康 (fit adj.); aid n.帮助;
first-aid adj. 急救的; airline n.航班; countryside n. 乡村,农村; gentleman n. 君子,先生 (gentlemen); grandchild n. 孙子,孙女; handwriting n. 手写,书法; headache n. 头痛; overcoat n. 外套; pancake n. 烙饼,薄饼; postman n. 邮递员 (postmen);
toothbrush n. 牙刷; upstairs adv. 在楼上 (downstairs); rainy adj. 有雨的 (rain n.); umbrella n. 雨伞 (an umbrella)
attention n. 主意,专心; lost adj. 迷路的,迷失的 (lose---lost---lost v.); wise adj.明智的,充满智慧的(wisdom n.); perfect adj.极好的,完美的;
wine n. 葡萄酒,酒;further adj更多的,更进一步的 (far,farther/further,farthest/furthest adv.). 二、重点短语
1.a charity walk 慈善步行 2.a disabled person 残疾人,丧失能力的人 3.a homeless person 无家可归的人 4.an elderly person 上年纪的人
5.one of the biggest fund-raising events 最大的筹款活动之一 6.be known as 作为…而闻名 7.be known for 因/以…而闻名 8.group into a team of four 组成四人一队 9.a tough hike 一场艰苦的徒步旅行
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10.an excellent chance 一次极好的机会 11.team spirit 团队精神
12.finishing time 完成时间 13.keep you comfortable 使你保持舒适
14.at least 至少 15.support development projects 支持发展项目
16.try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事 17.in need 需要
18.take part in 参加 19.take place=happen 发生
20.find two more people 再找两个人 21.support teams 服务队伍 22.900 metres high 900百米高 23.support and help each other 相互支持和帮助 24.open space 开阔的空间 25.fresh air 新鲜的空气
26.enjoy the beautiful view of the country 欣赏乡村美景 27.pay attention to 注意 28.get lost 迷路
29.look down on sb. 瞧不起某人 30.provide a chance to study 提供学习机会 31.mobile phone 手机 32.close to 靠近
33.an application form 一份申请书(申请表格) 34.miss the chance 错过机会 35.
三、重点句型
★1. It's meaningful to support charities. 支持慈善事业是有意义的。
it在句中作形式主语,其真正主语是动词不定式短语to support charities。原句可改为:To support charities is meaningful.
动词不定式短语直接作主语时,往往显得“头重脚轻”,因此,现代英语中通常用it作主
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语来代替。如:It's very necessary to learn a foreign language. 学好一门外语很有必要。 It took them three hours to finish the work. 完成这项工作,他们花了三个小时。 ★2. I don't think you will even finish your walk. 我认为你将完成不了你的步行。
原句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。当主句主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,support等词时,从句的否定形式应前移到主句中,译为汉语时仍在从句中
译出。如:I don't believe they have won the game. 我相信他们没有取得比赛的胜利。 I don't think he is right. 我认为他是不正确的。
注意:在构成反意疑问句时,时态和人称都按从句来定。因此上述两句可改为: I don't believe they have won the game, have they? I don't think he is right, is he?
3. People over eighteen can group themselves into a team of four people and join this charity walk.
十八岁以上的人可以四人一组参加这次慈善毅行者活动。
group作为名词,意为“组、群、队”;作为动词,意为“组成小组、分组聚集”。如: A group of children visited the museum last week. 上星期一群孩子参观了博物馆。 We can group our class into teams of eight students. 我们可将我们班分成多个八人小组。 The children grouped themselves round the hero. 孩子们围在英雄的周围。 4. This will be an experience you will never forget. 这将是你永不忘怀的体验。 There will be是there be句型的一般将来时形式, 同学们对此经常会出些差错。如: 误:There will have a class meeting this afternoon.
正:There will be a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午将要开班会。 误:There is going to hold the Olympic Games of 2008 in Beijing.
正:There is going to be the Olympic Games of 2008 in Beijing.2008年在北京将要举办奥运会。 ★5. It is wrong that some people look down on blind people. 一些人看不起盲人是错误的。 A.“It is + 形容词+ that从句”是一个固定结构,表示对某些事情提出看法或意见。其中 it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。that从句通常位于句末。如:
It is necessary that you start training a few months before the walk. 在行走活动之前几个月开始训练是很有必要的。
It is true that we should learn English well before we leave school. 毕业之前我们应学好英语倒是真的。
It is clear that Jenny did a good deed. 很显然,詹妮是做了一件好事。
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(2) look down on sb.意为“看不起某人”。与look相关的短语很多。如:
look forward to 指望,盼望 look sb. In the face 注视某人的脸look out 留神,当心,物色 look over 检查look through 浏览
6. It is useful to have support teams. 拥有补给队是有用处的。 (1)support作为动词,意为“支持,支撑,赞助,拥护”。如: They supported a roof by pillars. 他们用柱子支撑房顶。 Theman supported himself with a stick. 那人用手杖支撑自己。 All of us should support ourselves. 我们都应自食其力。 support也可作名词,意为“支持,帮助”等。
7.Thanks to the support from local businesses we succeeded. 幸亏当地工商企业的支持和帮助,我们才取得了成功。
“It is +形容词+动词不定式”也是个固定结构,it是形式主语,动词不定式才是真正的主语。如:It is boring to walk with a dog. 牵着狗散步令人讨厌。
It is very interesting to walk on the moon. 在月球上行走很有趣。
★8. It is impossible for him to finish it in ten hours. 对他来说,在十小时内完成是不可能的。 “It is +形容词+for sb.+不定式”是一个简单句,it也是形式主语。For是介词“对于……来说,相当于”,其宾语在逻辑上是后面动词不定式的主语。这是动词不定式的复合结构。如:
It is hard for me to catch up with my classmates in one month. 对我来说,要在一个月内赶上同学们是很困难的。
It is meaningful for us to join Oxfam Trailwalker.我们参加毅行者活动是有意义的。 It is useless for them to waste time. 他们白白地浪费时间是没有用的。
4. It is about 900 metres high and the only hill in Sunshine Town. 它约九百米高,是阳光城唯一
的山。
About 900 metres high意为“约九百米高”,形容词high用于句末,类似的短语很多。如: The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometres long. 长城有六千多公里长。 The huge stone is about nine tons weighty. 这块巨石约九吨重。
The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. “绿色长城”长七千公里,宽在四百到一千七百公里之间。
Australia is thousands of kilometres away from China. 澳大利亚距中国数千公里远。
5. If we go there early in the morning, we may even hear the birds sing. 要是我们一大早去那儿,也许会听到鸟儿唱歌。
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