A、一般现在时定义
一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。 基本结构构成
1. be动词属于系动词, 表示事物和人的状态。在一般现在时态的句子中主要表现
为三种形式:am ,is、are。后面往往接形容词或名词做表语。如:
(1)I’m strong. (strong形容词做表语) (2)He is a boy.( a boy名词做表语)
含有be动词的句子在进行否定、疑问句变化时,都要在be动词上变化。 (1)变为否定句:主语+be+ not+其他。即,直接在be后not. ①I’m not a Chinese girl. ②You are not right. ③He is not strict with me.
(2)变为一般疑问句:Be+主语+其他?即把be动词提到主语的前面。注意:当肯定
句主语为第一人称I和We时,变一般疑问句要变为第二人称,be动词也要相应的变为are.同样肯定句中的my和our 也要变为your.
①I am a worker. (变为一般疑问句) →Are you a worker?
②We are good friends. (变为一般疑问句) →Are you good friends?
③She is from Japan. (变为一般疑问句) →Is she from Japan?
(3)变特殊疑问句:一般的要求为“对划线部分提问”,即用特殊疑问词代替划线的部
分,后接省略划线部分的一般疑问句(一般不再出现划线部分)。如:
①I’m well.(对划线部分提问) →How are you?
②She is from America. (对划线部分提问) →Where is she from?
2、 情态动词:can,may,must,need为情态动词地一般现在时,need有时还做实义动词用。我们这里主要以can为例来说明情态动词的用法。情态动词后面必须接动词的原形。它没有人称和数的变化。
(1)肯定句:主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它: I can spell my name.
(2)变否定句:主语+can +not+ 其他。 →I can not(can’t)spell my name. →He can’t dance.
(3)变一般疑问句:Can + 主语+ 其他?即直接把can提到句首。 →Can you spell your name? →Can he sing?
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(4)变特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? ① I can spell my name. (对划线部分提问) →What can you spell?
② He can play the piano. (对划线部分提问) →Who can play the piano?
3、实义动词,也叫行为动词。当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时,实义动词要变为相应的第三称单数,动词后加 s(加s的方法与名词变复数相同);当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时,实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时,不能直接在动词上变,而是要借助另一类动词:助动词do、does。
(1)肯定句:主+动词原形/单三人称后加s+其它 ①I have a blue pen. ②He has a brother. ③ She wants to be an actor. ④ They like to play football.
(2)否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词,是来帮助实义动
词构成否定或疑问句的,但加了
do/does后,其后面的动词必须用动词原形。 He doesn’t have a brother. She doesn’t want to be a teacher. They don’t like to play basketball.
(3)一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的动
词还是必须用动词原形。
Do you have a blue backpack? Does he have a sister?
Does your brother do his homework before supper? Does she want to be a teacher?
⑤They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句) →Do they like to play basketball?
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (对划线部分提问) →Why does your sister like English best?
② He does his homework before supper. (对划线部分提问) →When does he do his homework?
注意:当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语,我们把这类句子变否定句时,
必须把and变为or.如:
(1)He can swim and dance. (变为否定句)→He can’t swim or dance.
(2)My father likes English and math. (变为否定句)→My father doesn’t like English
or math.
一般现在时的时间状语
sometimes、usually、often. always、everyday, twice or three times.
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B、一般过去时的构成及用法
1、一般过去时用法 :一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 2、构成:
a. be 动词的一般过去时态
am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语 如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。) 否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) 疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语 ?
如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?) 肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。) 否定句: No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的? b. 实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词did . 肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语
如: I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。) 否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。) 疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗?) 肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。) 否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我没回家。) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般过去时的一般疑问句 When did you go home yesterday?你昨天什么时候回家的?
c. 行为动词的一般过去式变化规则:
行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-ed 构成。构成及读法如下表: 一般情况
以e字母结尾的辅音 以辅音字母+y结尾
+ed +d
去y变i+ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾字母+ed d、一般过去时的时间状语
yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子
3
里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
Ⅰ、(一般现在时)
连系动词练习:
一. 将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句、简略回答及划线部分提问。 1. Bob is on the football team.
2. They are in the teacher’s office.
3. It is sunny today.
4. There is some water in the bottle.
5. There is a piano in the room.
6. There are many trees in the school.
7、She is from America.
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