摘 要
本论文介绍了应用FPGA芯片和硬件描述语言(VHDL)设计微波炉控制器系统的方法。系统使用VHDL编程实现各底层模块的功能，顶层的设计采用图形输入完成。论文主要阐述模块化设计的思想和状态图的描述方法，以及他们在硬件描述语言中的应用，并展示了其在Quartus II 开发系统下的仿真结果。
微波炉控制器系统是一个实用型的系统，系统不仅具有操作简单的功能，而且烹调效果好，你可以按照固定程序烹调一些家常菜，可以采取分时、分不同级别火力加热，既能节约时间又能节约能源。主要有以下几个模块：输入模块、控制模块和显示模块。输入模块实现按键扫描和键盘译码、控制模块包括状态转换控制、数据装载、烹饪计时、温度控制、音效提示等等、显示模块涉及到显示译码和指示灯的闪烁。
经过对系统做需求分析，详细功能设计、编码，模块连接，并利用FPGA实现相应的功能，经过波形仿真、下载调试，验证了设计方案的可行性及实现方法的有效性，基本实现了系统的要求。
关键词：FPGA；VHDL；微波炉；状态图；定时器
Abstract
This paper introduces the method that applying FPGA chip and VHDL to design the control system of microwave ovens. The system uses VHDL to fulfill the function of each bottom module and the design of the top layer is completed via graphic entering. This paper mainly illustrates the idea of module design and description method of state chart and that their application in VHDL and simulation results in the develop system of Quartus II.
Microwave controller system is a utility-type system that includes not only the function of simple operation, but also good effect of cook. According to fixed routine, you can cook some homely dish via taking different time and different level firepower to heat, and this can not only save time, but also save energy. It mainly includes a couple of modules as follows: input module, control module and display module. Input module fulfills key-press scanning and keyboard decoding, control module includes status switching control, data loading, cook time, temperature control, sound effect tip and so on, display module comes down to display coding decipher and the flashing of indicator light.
Through the analysis of requirement, detailed function design, coding, module connection, using FPGA to fulfill relevant function. Through waveform simulation, download debugging, it verifies the feasibility of the design and the effectiveness of realization method and basically fulfill the requirement of the system.
Keywords: FPGA, VHDL, Microwave oven, Status chart, timer
目 录
1. 绪论 ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. 任务的提出 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. 课题的内容和要求 .............................................................................................. 1 1.3. 设计的目的和意义 .............................................................................................. 2 2. 关键技术简介 ................................................................................................................ 3
2.1. FPGA简介 .......................................................................................................... 3 2.2. VHDL语言概述.................................................................................................. 3 2.3. Quartus II 开发系统简介 ................................................................................... 5 3. 系统总体设计 ................................................................................................................ 7
3.1. 系统总体设计方案 .............................................................................................. 7 3.2. 系统功能模块描述 .............................................................................................. 9
3.2.1. 输入模块 ................................................................................................. 10 3.2.2. 控制模块 ................................................................................................. 10 3.2.3. 显示模块 ................................................................................................. 11 3.3. 系统的工作流程 ................................................................................................ 11 4. 系统详细设计 .............................................................................................................. 13
4.1. 输入模块设计 .................................................................................................... 13
4.1.1. 键盘扫描 ................................................................................................. 13 4.1.2. 键盘译码 ................................................................................................. 16 4.1.3. 输入模块的实现 ..................................................................................... 17 4.2. 控制模块设计 .................................................................................................... 18
4.2.1. 状态转换控制 ......................................................................................... 18 4.2.2. 数据装载 ................................................................................................. 21 4.2.3. 烹饪计时 ................................................................................................. 22 4.2.4. 温度控制 ................................................................................................. 25 4.2.5. 控制模块的实现 ..................................................................................... 28 4.3. 显示模块设计 .................................................................................................... 30 5. 系统仿真 ...................................................................................................................... 34
5.1. 输入模块仿真 .................................................................................................... 34
I
5.2. 状态转换控制器仿真 ........................................................................................ 34 5.3. 数据装载器仿真 ................................................................................................ 35 5.4. 烹饪计时器仿真 ................................................................................................ 36 5.5. 显示译码器仿真 ................................................................................................ 38 6. 结论 .............................................................................................................................. 40 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................... 41 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 42 附 录 ................................................................................................................................... 43
II
