第1讲：名词
First, 名词复数的特殊变化。
普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：
a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；
b. story, factory 等以\辅音字母+y\结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es； c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es； d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是\元音字母+o\的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是\辅音字母+o\的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。
e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；
f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。 注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。
别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workers， women teachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。
名词所有格：
表示“??的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Children's day，father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，.则表示“分别有”。.如：John's and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示\共有\。如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。
还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。 练习：
1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there. A. women ?girls B. women? girl C. woman?girls D. woman?girl
2. Mr Black is a friend of _________. A. Jack's aunt's B. Jack's aunt C. Jack aunt's D. aunt's of Jack
3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older
4. The farmer raised ten _________. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows
5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________. A. her grandmother B. her grandmother's C. her grandmothers'
D. that of her grandmother
6. We have moved into a ________. A. two- storey house B. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house
7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry. A. box's steel B. box of a steel C. steel box
D. box of the steel
8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________. A. the Teacher's Day B. Teacher's Day C. a Teacher's Day D. Teachers' Day
9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her
10. _________are big and bright. A. The classroom window
B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classroom's windows 第2讲：代词
人称代词 物主代词（形容词向物主代词，名物代略） some, any的用法：我们都知道some用于肯定句中，而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。 所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。 注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人
认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some而不用any。
every 和each的用法：every 强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，不可单独使用；each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)，可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.（我们学校的学生都很用功。） Each student may have one book.. （每个学生都可有一本书。）
both, either, neither的用法： both意为“两者全都”，与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”，neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是”，与单数连用。如：Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。 You may take either with you。 两个中间你随便带哪个都行。 Neither is correct。 两个都不对。
Few，a few和little，a little的用法： 练习：
1. We had plenty of paper but______ink. A. a few B. few
C. not many D. not much
2. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have have never learned ______before. A. one B. it C. them D. that
3. We're very busy because we've so ______books to read and so _______homework to do every day.
A. much ... many B. many ... much C. many ... a lot D. a lot ... much
4. I thought ______of the matter but still couldn't find out the reason. A. every B. both C. nothing D. everything
5. My car is not so expensive as ________. A. him B. he's C. he D. his
6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _______students aren't here yet. A. other B. others
C. the other D. the others
7. There are high buildings on ______side of the street. A. both B. every C. any D.either
8. －What do you usually have for breakfast? －______eggs and ______milk. A Little ... a few B. A little ... a little C. A few ... a little D. A few ... a few
9. ______ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything
10. Is this story the same as ______in that book? A. the one B. what C. that D. it
第3讲：形容词
a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作
定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律：冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。
当形容词所修饰的词为something，anything，nothing，everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时，形容词要后置。
形容词级别问题：
a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。（我们的教室是他们的两倍。）这种表示倍数的句子用 ?times +形容词比较级+than ? 这样的格式。你记住了吗？ b. I'm three years older than you.（我比你大三岁。）表示\大三岁，\高二厘米\等时用\表示数量词的词+比较级\。
c.\越来越??\用\比较级+and +比较级\来表示。如：The earth is getting warmer and warmer。（地球变得越来越暖和。）
d.\越??就越??\用\比较级?，the+比较级?\来表示。如： The busier he is，the happier he feels。(他越忙，越觉得高兴。)
最高级用法的用法就很简单了，提醒你一点，最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的：
alone 和lonely：I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你独自一人在家用
\表示\单独的\、\独自一人的\，它表示一个客观事实，在句中只能做表语。你
