第一讲 英语的句子结构
步骤一:句子结构的解析 一、句子成分
一个句子一般由两部分组成,即主语部分(subject group)和谓语部分(predicate group)。
句子成分(members of the sentence)是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子由各个成分所构成。 1.主语
主语(subject)是一个句子的主题(theme),是全句所述说的主体,一般置于句首。可用于作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1)名词作主语 e.g. A tree has
fallen across the road.
2) 代词作主语 e.g. You’re not far wrong.
3) 数词作主语。 e.g. Three is enough.
4)名词化的形容词作主语 e.g. The idle are forced to work.
5)副词作主语 e.g. Now is the time.
6)名词化得介词作主语 e.g. The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
7) 不定式作主语 e.g. To find your way can be a problem.
8) 动名词作主语 e.g. Smoking
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is bad for you.
9) 名词化的过去分词作主语 e.g. The disabled are to receive more money. 10) 介词短语用作主语e.g. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.
11) 从句用作主语 e.g. Whenever you are ready will be fine. 12) 句子做主语 e.g. “How do you do” is a greeting.
主语可由一个以上的名(代)词等构成,这种主语可叫作并列主语。
e.g. He and I are old friends. 英语常用无人称的名词作主语。 e.g. A gun wounded him. 有人用
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枪打伤了他。
英语还常用表示时间、地点的词作主语。 e.g. Today is your last lesson in French.
Tian An Men Square first
saw the raising of our fivestar red flag on October 1, 1949. 1949年10月1日天安门广场上升起了我们的第一面五星红旗。
2. 谓语
谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicate verbs)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或
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st

