动词-ing形式 --作主语和宾语
1. 动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末加 -ing 形式构成 如：do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式：not + -ing 构成
2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。
动词-ing形式时态和语态 主动 被动 一般 doing being done 完成 having done having been done
I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child. (动词-ing的一般被动态) She admitted having opened the box. (动词-ing的完成式)
How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden? (动词-ing的复合结构)
动词-ing 形式能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。 说出下面句中动词-ing部分在句中作什么成分。 Playing football is my favourite sport.
My sister enjoys standing alone on the seashore. The cartoon is amusing.
China is developing country. We heard her singing in her room.
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
在本单元首先讲解动词-ing 形式在句中作主语和宾语的用法。
动词-ing形式作主语
一 直接置于句首
(1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。 (2)Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 (3)Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语-ing形式移至句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。
(1)It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 (2)It’s worth making the effort. 这事值得努力去做。
(3)It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
It + be + a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没益/用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的 There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理
二 动词-ing形式作宾语
1. 只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语，常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse,fancy, give up, put off, risk等。 I can’t avoid going. 我不能不去。
2. 既可接动词-ing又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, mean, forget, remember, hate等。
I hope they continue to fight for equal justice after I'm gone.
Diana and Roy Jarvis are determined to continue working when they reach retirement age.
A. 在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
B. 在begin/start, continue之后，用动词-ing和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后，用动词-ing与不定式意义不同。动词-ing表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作。
I remember posting the letter. 我记得我已把信寄了。 I’ll remember to post the letter. 我会记着去寄信的。
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer. 我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 Don’t forget to write to your mother. 不要忘了给你母亲写信。
D. 在try, mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。
We must try to get everything done in time. 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
Let’s try doing the working in some other way. 我们用别的方法做这个工作试试。 I didn’t mean to make you angry. 我并不想让你生气。
Your plan would mean spending hours. 你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 E. go on doing和go on to do:
go on doing 继续做一直在做的事；go on to do 接着做另一件事。 Please go on doing the same exercise. 请接着做同一个练习。 Please go on to do the other exercise. 请做另外一个练习。 F. stop doing与stop to do:
stop doing 停止做; stop to do 停下正在干的事去干另一件事。 We stopped talking. 我们停止了交谈。 We stopped to talk. 我们停下来去谈话。
3. 作介词宾语
下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to, be used to等。 In doing our work, we must pay attention to ways and means. He was looking forward to working with the new manager.
