专题六 并列句和状语从句
◆并列句的考查要点 1．并列句的基本概念
并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
2．常见的并列连词
(1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only...but(also)．..等。 He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.
Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily. (2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...等。 Either you are right，or I am.
(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。 Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now. Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not. (4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。 It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over. The shops were closed，so I didn't get any milk.
(5)when还可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：①sb.was doing sth.when...；②sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...；③sb.had just done sth.when...。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in. We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. (6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music. 【即时训练1】 用适当的并列连词填空
1．—I wonder how much you charge for your services. —The first two are free while the third costs $ 30.
2．Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
3．Don't drive so fast，or you'll have an accident. 4．She is seriously ill，but/yet she doesn't give up hope. 5．He is a good teacher，so/and he is very popular with students. ◆时间状语从句的考查要点
1．before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型： It will be long before...(得过好久才……) It will not be long before...(过不了多久就……) It was long before...(过了好久才……) It was not long before...(过了不久就……)
2．since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 ?since＋瞬间动词过去式（从该动作发生时算起）? ?since＋持续性动词过去式（从动作结束时算起）It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。 3．as，when，while用法一览表。 类别 作用 例句 as表示“当……的时候”，往往和She came up as I was cooking.(同as when/while通用，但它着重强调主句时) 与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时The runners started as the gun 发生。 (at or during the time that)既可以表示when 在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 went off.(几乎同时) It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点) When we were at school，we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) Please don't talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(不可用as或when，这里的while意思while意思是“当……的时候”或while “在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of 是“趁……”) time时，两者可以互换。 4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： (1)till，not...until...，until
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o'clock. (2)hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than表示“刚……就”
We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. (3)directly，immediately，once，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as，意为“一……就”
He made for the door directly he heard the knock. The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears. (4)each time，every time
Each time he came to my city，he would call on me. 【即时训练2】 用适当的连词填空
1．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won't bother to see it，or I'll wait until/till it comes out on DVD. 2．They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 3．One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
4．It was April 29，2001 when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
5．He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ◆让步状语从句的考查要点
1．although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
Although/Though they are poor，(yet) they are warm-hearted.
2．even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
I'll get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
3．no matter后接who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词。
Don't trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. I will eat whatever you give me.
4．as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。
Child as(though) he is，he knows a lot. Much as I like it，I won't buy.
Try as he would，he couldn't lift the heavy box.
5．while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
【即时训练3】 用适当的连词填空
1．It was a nice meal，though a little expensive. 2．While/Though/Although volleyball is her main focus，she's also great at basketball.
3．Frank insisted that he was not asleep although/though I had great difficulty in waking him up.
4．Although/Though regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
5．While/Though/Although all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.
6．We'll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. ◆原因状语从句：because，for，as，since，now that
1．表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I'm leaving？I'm leaving because I'm fed up with the
