Brexit: EU says no to free-trade talks until 'progress' on final terms 英国脱欧：想要自由贸易？没那么容易！
Donald Tusk rules out parallel talks – a key aim of Theresa May’s government – as he unveils draft EU negotiating guidelines 特蕾莎·梅政府一直想同时进行英国脱欧事宜和二者关系未来走向的讨论，但是图斯克公布了欧盟与英国谈判的指导草案，扼杀了这种可能性。
The draft circulated by Donald Tusk said Britain would need to accept EU rules during a transition period after BrexitPhotograph: Darrin Zammit Lupi/Reuters
唐纳德·图斯克发布的指导草案声明，在脱欧后的过渡阶段，英国需要接受欧盟条例的约束。
EU leaders have said there will be no talks on Britain’s future relationship with the bloc until the UK government makes enough “progress” on the Brexit divorce – including settling its bills and citizens’ rights.
欧盟领导人表示，英国政府没有在支付账单和公民权利等问题上就脱欧一事给出进一步的方案之前，英国与欧盟未来的关系就无从谈起。
Donald Tusk, the European council president, said: “Once, and only once we have achieved sufficient progress on the withdrawal, can we discuss the framework for our future relationship. Starting parallel talks will not happen.”
欧洲理事会主席唐纳德·图斯克说：“只有在英国脱欧取得实质性进展的情况下，我们才会开始讨论英国与欧盟未来的关系。不可能同时讨论英国脱欧事宜和二者关系的未来走向。”
Speaking as a nine-page document containing the EU’s draft Brexit negotiating guidelines was sent to national capitals, Tusk said the bloc was united behind this principle and wanted to see progress on settling the status of EU nationals and Britain’s share of EU liabilities.
欧盟已向各成员国下发了一份长达九页的针对英国脱欧谈判的指导草案。图斯克表示，欧盟各成员国一致遵守该草案的规定，希望在欧盟各成员国的地位和英国在欧盟债务中的份额等问题上取得进展。
Making clear that it is the EU27 who will define “sufficient progress”, the guidelines also say the UK must accept EU rules, including budget contributions and the judicial oversight of the European court of justice, during a transition period likely to follow departure in 2019 and before a free-trade pact can be finalised.
指导草案中明确指出，何为“实质性进展”是由欧盟来决定的，该草案还规定，英国必须接受欧盟的规则，在2019年正式脱欧前的过渡阶段和自由贸易协定最终敲定前，按规定缴纳预算贡献金，并接受欧洲法院的司法监督。
“The European council will monitor progress closely and determine when sufficient progress has been achieved to allow negotiations to proceed to the next phase,” the guidelines say.
指导草案中指明，“欧洲理事会将密切关注英国脱欧的进程，并对是否取得实质性进展进行判断，取得实质性进展后方可进行下一阶段的谈判。”
If Britain remains a part of the EU single market for a time after Brexit, it would also have to respect all “four freedoms”, which would mean accepting free immigration from the continent, it says. “There can be no ‘cherrypicking’”, it adds, nor any separate negotiations between individual EU states and the UK.
指导草案规定：如果英国在脱欧后仍想进入欧盟单一市场，必须遵守欧盟的四项自由流通原则，接受欧洲范围内的人员自由流动，英国在脱欧问题上不能挑肥拣瘦，不能与各欧盟成员国进行单独谈判。
Tusk rejected the description “Brexit bill” and said it was only fair that the UK paid what successive governments had signed up to. “It is only fair towards all those
people, communities, scientists, farmers and so on to whom we, all the 28, promised and owe this money.”
图斯克否认了“英国脱欧账单”的说法，表示这是英国的义务，而不是债务，英国有责任为历届政府签署的项目和计划支付相应的费用。他说：“只有向所有那些诸如社区、科学家、农民等欧盟28个成员国曾经给予过承诺偿还欠款的人支付费用，才是公平合理的。”
“The talks will be difficult, complex and sometimes confrontational,” Tusk added. But he stressed “the EU will not pursue a punitive approach … Brexit itself is already punitive enough”.
图斯克表示：“这将是一场困难重重，错综复杂，硝烟四起的谈判。”但是他强调说：“欧盟不会对英国采取惩罚性措施，因为脱欧本身足以让英国不堪重负。”
Speaking alongside him, Joseph Muscat, the prime minister of Malta, said the
negotiations would be tough, “but it will not be a war” and the two sides needed to remain friends.
马耳他总理约瑟夫·穆斯卡特同意图斯克的观点，他表示脱欧谈判虽然艰难，但不是一场战争，谈判双方仍需要保持友好的关系。
On the future trade deal, the draft also makes clear the bloc’s objective will be to “preserve the integrity of the single market”. This “excludes participation based on a sector-by-sector approach”. “A non-member of the union … cannot have the same rights and enjoy the same benefits as a member,” the draft says.
指导草案明确提出：有关未来的贸易协议，欧盟的目标是“保持单一市场的完整性”，“取消一事一法的参与模式”，“非欧盟成员国不能与成员国享受相同的权利和利益。”
Theresa May and Brexit ministers have said Britain aims to leave the single market and most of the European customs union in favour of agreeing a bespoke free-trade
deal for individual industrial sectors, such as the automotive and pharmaceuticals industries.
英国首相特蕾莎·梅和脱欧大臣表示，英国的目标是离开单一市场，大多数的欧洲关税同盟同意接受为汽车和制药行业等个别工业部门制定的自由贸易协议。
A No 10 spokesman said: “These are draft guidelines and we look forward to beginning negotiations once they have been formally agreed by the 27 member states.
唐宁街首相官邸发言人说：“我们希望能在27个成员国正式同意该指导草案后，立即开始谈判。”
“It is clear both sides wish to approach these talks constructively, and as the prime minister said this week, wish to ensure a deep and special partnership between the UK and the European Union.”
“显然，英国和欧盟都希望进行有建设性的谈判，英国首相上周曾表示，希望英国和欧盟之间建立一种深厚而特殊的伙伴关系。”
Owen Smith, the former Labour leadership candidate, said Tusk’s statement already shows how May’s “lofty rhetoric is colliding with hard reality”. “The prime minister’s plan for Britain is a pipedream,” he said. “The European council’s draft guidelines underline the difficulty the government will have in keeping its Brexit promises. The prime minister promised the exact same benefits on trade, but this has been
explicitly ruled out today. Ministers and leave campaigners have presented Brexit as a cost-free option. It is not. There will be a cost to Brexit, we just do not know how deep it will be. It is time for the government to start levelling with the British people.”
前工党领袖竞选人欧文·史密斯表示：“图斯克的说法已经表明，特蕾莎·梅华丽的辞藻也难掩残酷的现实。梅对英国的规划实在是天方夜谭。欧洲理事会的指导草案突显了英国执意脱欧所要面临的重重困难。梅曾经承诺，脱欧后英国以前享有的贸易福利不会变，但是今天这已变成了戏言。大臣们和脱欧派认为英国脱欧不需要付出任何代价，但事实并非如此，只是我们还不知道这代价到底有多大。英国政府是时候对民众坦白了。”
Tim Farron, the Liberal Democrat leader, said the guidelines “show the strength of the EU in these negotiations, and the carelessness of the UK government in isolating themselves from our European allies”. “The terms are clear: no sector by sector
deals, no bilateral negotiations and no new trade deal until the withdrawal terms are agreed. This leaves no doubt that Davis’ comments about special arrangements for the car industry or financial sector are worthless. “It is still possible for the British people to stop a hard Brexit and keep us in the single market. And if they want, it is still possible for the British people to choose to remain in the EU.”
自由民主党领导人蒂姆·法隆表示：“指导草案体现出了欧盟在谈判中的优势，以及英国政府自我孤立，脱离欧洲盟友的疏忽大意。草案中的条款说的很清楚：在脱欧各项事宜没有得到其他欧盟成员国同意之前，欧盟方面不会签署行业协议，不会开展双边谈判，不会签订新的
贸易协议。毫无疑问，戴维斯此前有关针对汽车业或金融部门进行特殊安排的评论全是无稽之谈。现在，英国人民仍然可以选择放弃硬脱欧之路，选择留在单一市场，留在欧盟。”
Boris Johnson, the foreign secretary, said: “We really are moving forward now, and there’s a lot of goodwill, a lot of willingness to achieve what the prime minister has said she wants to achieve, which is an orderly transition and then a deep and special partnership between a strong EU and a strong UK.”
英国外交大臣鲍里斯·约翰逊说：“我们现在正在向前迈进，有很多的善意和积极的意愿支撑着我们向前走，去实现首相的愿景，这是一个有序的过渡，随之而来的是欧盟与英国双强之间深刻而特殊的伙伴关系。”
The guidelines states the UK will remain subject to EU institutions during any
transitional period but hint at a face-saving solution for May, who has vowed the UK will leave the jurisdiction of the European court of justice, an institution that has long attracted the ire of Tory backbenchers. Britain’s withdrawal agreement should be governed by “appropriate dispute settlement mechanisms… bearing in mind the role of the European court of justice” the draft states. The EU negotiating team, led by Michel Barnier, are looking at alternatives to the ECJ to govern any future trade deal, but are clear the UK will not escape the oversight of an independent judicial body.
指导草案中声明，在过渡阶段，英国需要服从欧盟各机构的管理。英国脱欧协议应该遵从“恰当的争端解决机制，拥护欧洲法院的地位。”由米歇尔·巴尼耶领衔的欧盟谈判代表团正在考虑由其他机构代替欧法院监管未来的贸易协议，这实际上在暗中帮特蕾莎·梅挽回了面子，因为她之前曾信誓旦旦地宣称英国将不再受到长期以来惹怒了保守党普通议员的欧洲法院的管辖。但是可以确定的是，英国必须接受独立司法机构的监管。
The draft guidelines may well be revised over the next month. Tusk will chair a summit of the EU’s 27 prime ministers and presidents at the end of April to finalise the bloc’s negotiating position before talks with the UK begin.
欧盟可能会在下个月修改指导草案的内容。4月底，欧盟27个成员国领导人将集体参加由图斯克主持的峰会，届时将最终敲定欧盟的谈判立场。
When formal talks get underway - most likely in late May or early June - the EU plans to focus on three areas: the UK’s bills, EU citizens’ rights and the Irish border. In the draft text on what will be the UK’s only land border with the EU, the EU call for “flexible and imaginative solutions... with the aim of avoiding a hard border”.
英国与欧盟的正式谈判大概将于5月底6月初开始，欧盟的谈判焦点包括三个方面：英国的账单，欧盟公民的权利和爱尔兰边境问题。有关指导草案中提到的英国与欧盟的唯一陆地边界问题，欧盟提倡“利用灵活富有想象力的解决方案，以避免设立硬性边界。”
As the Guardian reported, Barnier hopes the main outlines of an agreement on these three areas will be clear by autumn, enabling the UK and the EU to reach a broad agreement at an EU summit in December. He has pencilled in January 2018 as the point where he hopes to start talks with the British on a future relationship.
