2014届高三英语二轮精品卷 专题4 情态动词和虚拟语气（大题训练2）Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Credit cards let people buy things now and pay for them over months or even years.But some people get deep into debt：Some banks have terms and charges that can make it harder for people to pay off that debt.In the United States
，
there
are
calls
for
stronger
government
supervision
of
the
credit
card
industry.They_offer_economic_power_at_a_price.In 2004，Americans had about $800 billion in credit card debt.Now they own about $968 billion.
Critics say banks made it too easy to get credit cards.But that may be changing.The crisis in the housing and credit they call markets is beginning to affect the credit card industry.More payments are late.Charges for late payments are a growing source of profit for banks.But late payments can also signal bad debts.
The central bank，the Federal Reserve，says two-thirds of American banks have recently reported tighter lending requirements.Many people report having their credit limits reduced without warning.
Some lawmakers are concerned that cardholders do not have enough protections from what abusive policies.These include actions like raising interest rates because of an unrelated event.Also，banks may raise the chances of a late payment by changing monthly payment dates for credit cards.
According to a survey,82% of Americans think credit cards provide a valuable service.But a majority,58%，say they do not trust credit card companies.And three out of four think the government should regulate the industry more closely.Three out of four people feel there is always some condition that makes a card less appealing than the company made in scared.And a little more than half say they have had a card that was not as good as they expected.But close to 80% say no one really reads the terms and conditions when they sign up for a credit card.
1．What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably mean?
A．We can enjoy more convenience using credit cards. B．Credit cards can improve our buying power. C．We can buy things at lower prices using credit cards. D．Credit cards bring more card debt as well as convenience. 答案 D
解析 根据下文“In 2004，Americans had about $800 billion in credit card debt.Now they own about $968 billion.”可知，信用卡在给人们带来方便的同时也会带来更多的信用卡债务。 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A．Banks are making it harder for people to get credit cards. B．Some people’s credit limits have been reduced. C．It is more difficult to borrow money from some banks. D．Banks are receiving more charges from late payments. 答案 A
解析 B选项由第三段最后一句“Many people report having their credit limits reduced without warning.”可知；C选项由第三段中的“two-thirds of American banks have recently reported tighter lending requirements.”可知；D选项由第二段倒数第二句“Charges for late payments are a growing
source of profit for banks.”可知；A项在文中未提及。 3．What can we know from the text?
A．Banks actually prefer to see more late payment.
B．People should be more careful when applying for a credit card. C．The US government provides better protection for cardholders. D．The majority of Americans don’t think much of credit cards. 答案 B
解析 整篇文章讲的是信用卡的一些负面问题，而且由文章最后一句“But close to 80% say no one really reads the terms and conditions when they sign up for a credit card.”可以推断出，人们在申请信用卡时应该小心。
4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Credit cards are still very well received in America. B．Credit cards don’t live up to some people’s expectations. C．Many people don’t believe in credit card companies. D．The results of a survey about credit cards in Americans. 答案 D
解析 这一段的开头提到了According to a survey“根据一项调查”。下面列举了几个数字及相关信息，因此我们可以总结出最后一段写的是关于美国信用卡调查的结果。
B
Bottled water is big business.Americans chug more than 8 billion gallons of the stuff a year—and a $10 billion industry has sprung up to meet the demand.These days，consumers can choose between water sourced from Icelandic glaciers or the thawing snows of Mt.Fuji；there’s even one brand—Woof Water—specially designed for dogs.
Of course，America’s thirst for bottled water is taking an environmental cost.According to the Earth Policy Institute，producing all those plastic bottles requires some 17 million barrels of oil a year.The energy needed to process and transport the bottles rises to 50 million barrels—enough to run 3 million cars for a whole year.Meanwhile，water itself is growing increasingly scarce，prompting some communities to question the wisdom of giving bottling companies free rein (缰绳) to siphon_off local supplies.Bottling plants can consume hundreds of millions of gallons of water a year，seriously impacting groundwater levels—and experts say the natural-spring sources preferred by consumers are precisely the sources most vulnerable (脆弱的) to over-pumping.
Fortunately，local leaders are starting to take note.The US Conference of Mayors is working to manage bottling plants and monitor the effect of thrown-away bottles；leaders in San Francisco，Salt Lake City，Los Angeles，and Santa Barbara have already promised to stop spending city funds on bottled water.Some lawmakers are going further still：This month，Chicago introduced a new 5-cent tax on every bottle sold，while Washington State and the city of Madison are both considering bottled-water bans.
The bottling companies have launched a two-pronged counterattack.Individual brands are seeking to clean up their image：Fuji Water recently promised to go carbonnegative，and other companies are likely to follow suit.The trade groups representing the industry，meanwhile，are playing hardball：They’ve launched a major lobbying (游说) effort and legal campaign to try to roll back the new efforts.
For now，though，the momentum (契机) is with the reformers：Last month，the issue even reached the
national stage，with Ohio Democrat Dennis Kucinich chairing House hearings on the industry’s social and environmental influence.With expert witnesses blasting bottling companies and accusing the FDA of failing to properly monitor the industry，Kucinich pledged to examine the state of local and national regulations. 5．The author probably holds the belief that________.
A．bottled water is a big business and should be promoted B．the consumption of bottled water should be limited C．bottled water industry is not fairly treated
D．it’s good for consumers to have a free choice of water 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由文章第三段第一句可知，作者在谈到有些地方政府开始注意瓶装水带来的问题时用了fortunately“幸运的是”，说明他赞成限制瓶装水。 6．What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?
A．America’s thirst for bottled water. B．The disadvantages of drinking bottled water. C．American experts’ view on water resources.
D．The impact of bottled water consumption on environment. 答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。概括文章第二段可知，本段主要说明瓶装水在生产、运输等各个环节中所消耗的能源及对环境所造成的不良影响。
7．We can conclude from the passage that________.
A．bottled-water bans have come into effect in several states B．the leaders don’t pay enough attention to bottled water C．bottled water has caused much concern in America D．bottled-water companies are now in trouble 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段介绍的情况分析，美国的一些州政府开始关注瓶装水所带来的问题，开始考虑通过立法来限制或禁止瓶装水，但这些法律都还没有起作用。由此可知，人们对瓶装水所引发的问题十分关注。
8．The underlined phrase “siphon off” (in Para.2) probably means “________”．
A．overuse C．protect 答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据语境分析，有些团体开始怀疑给瓶装水行业权利，让他们去开发当地资源是不是明智，因为自然水资源如果“过度利用”和开发是很容易被破坏的。siphon off原意为“把……抽走”，这里与overuse意思相近。 Ⅱ.阅读填空
Some diseases are contagious(传染的)—like colds，flu，and chicken pox.But what about loneliness？Loneliness may not be a disease，at least not in the same way that chicken pox is.__1__ How so？The same way that many emotions can be infectious.Being around someone who’s really happy can put you in a good mood __2__
B．overlook D．control
The same goes for loneliness.According to one study，the average person feels lonely about forty-eight days per year.Having a lonely friend adds around seventeen extra days of lonely feelings.
Following more than five thousand people for ten years，the study found how loneliness can spread through a group.__3__ What happens，according to the study，is that interacting with a lonely person can leave you with a negative feeling toward friendship generally.
And so you’re more likely to have negative experiences with other friends，weakening social bonds.__4__ The best way to ward off(抵挡) this sort of lonely contagion is to pay more attention to people on the edges of a group.Reaching out to those who are shy or don’t fit in，and are therefore lonely，can make them feel less lonely.__5__ A．But loneliness can be contagious.
B．Lonely people，it seems，transmit(传播) their sad，lonely feelings to people around them. C．while hanging around someone who’s depressed can be，well，depressing. D．When you feel lonely，you had better try not to spread it.
E．If loneliness is allowed to spread unchecked，it can destroy a social network. F．And so they’re less likely to spread lonely feelings throughout the group. G．Loneliness can affect the relationship between good friends. 答案 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.E 5.F Ⅲ.短文改错
I went hiking to a mountain with my friends last summer.It was a good trip at the beginning and something unexpected happened half way.One of my friend suddenly felt a terrible pain in his stomach and he couldn’t move any far.Nobody knew what to do it.One girl tried to call her mum in her mobile phone，but there was no signal in the mountain area.Lucky we had brought a tent with us.We put it up and let him rested in it.He took some medicine.Then he drink some water，and ate some food.After while，he felt much better and we walked on.We all enjoyed us on the top of the mountain. 答案
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ourselvesⅣ.书面表达
根据以下提示，结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。
Encouragement from a friend plays a very important role in motivating you to solve the problems you are facing.It helps you fight the difficulties and get out of an unfavorable situation you are stuck in.
注意：
1．无须写标题，文章开头已经给出，不得照抄英语提示语；
