专题十一 推理判断
挖命题 【考情探究】
考情分析 考点 考向 考频统计 考查目标 2018.11 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 2016.10 考纲要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索,进阅读理解 推理判断 5 3 4 4 4 行逻辑推断,理解作者所要表达的深层含义,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性 分析解读 1.推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章和句子的表层信息,更要理解字里行间的深层含义,并且经常要求考生根据文章的信息判断作者的观点和态度,因此是属于难度较大的一类题目。
2.推理判断题在高考中的设题相对稳定,一般会占到40%左右。
3.推理判断题的设题有一定的难度梯度。题目的设置不仅涉及文章句子的理解,而且会涉及对社会文化的理解等。因此要做好推理判断题,考生还要在平时掌握一定的英语语言文章的背景知识。
过专题 【五年高考】 A组 2018年全国高考题组
Passage 1(2018浙江6月,A)词数:313
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The
steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
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预测热度 ★★★ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A.They were difficult to understand. B.They were popular among the rich. C.They were seen as nearly worthless. D.They were written mostly by women.
2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress . A.his reputation in France B.his interest in modern art C.his success in publication D.his importance in literature
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To remember a great writer. B.To introduce an English novel.
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C.To encourage studies on culture. D.To promote values of the Victorian age. 答案 1.C 2.D 3.A
Passage 2(2018课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:351
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
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1.What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly.
2.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To update consumers on new technology.
D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 3.Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer.
4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B.Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them. 答案 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A
Passage 3(2018课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:368
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
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