全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用
Total station in the highway center line conductors and
Measurement
Li chun-sheng Zhao Bing Yang chun long
(Nanyang City Planning Survey and Design Institute of Highway Traffic Nanyang 473003)
Abstract: The total station in the highway center line conductors and the application of measurement techniques, the Total Station use matters needing attention. Key words: Total Station Road measuring techniques
1 Total station in the wire measurement
1.1 Total Station Coordinate the advantages of
Total Station can be used directly with the measuring point coordinate method, rather than polar coordinates law required, so that heavy equipment operators from the calculation of the data out. Outside the industry are now virtually no records, only a simple mind and the next point with the point of the relationship between the finishing industry for the reference period, but also do not have staff with a record of the calculation. Finishing in a time when the industry as long as the data transmission from the total station to PC2E500 calculator, or directly to the data input to a computer, after coordinate adjustment, on the computer using Auto CADdrawing software such as points, cut-off point, and calculated the angle value of each curve, the distance between the point of intersection as well as the coordinates of each pile and so.
1.2 Note and the application of state-controlled three-dimensional coordinates of points
Coordinates method used before, as far as possible the country to find control points and control points of these three-dimensional coordinates, and these control points through the joint test, not only can test their measurement accuracy, and error-yun Xu scope can be carried out through the adjustment of these coordinates, so that a higher
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全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用
measurement accuracy.
1.3 Point set should take into account the need to take the middle lane
In the set point, not only should be wire line control points, that is, to point the center line should also prepare for the release, depending on the route pass conditions, and higher terrain can be laid at a number of aircraft equipment, the benefits of doing so is to take the middle lane when there is a greater choice and do not have equipment for an additional two points to allow devices to stop several times.
1. 4 Apparatus after the operation and staffing, as the role of staff
Total Station with the road generally traversing a total of 5 ~ 6 people, depending on the location of the previous 3 to 4 people, equipment operator 1, the latter depending on a person. After the total station as the staff can record more points, the center line of the latter line of measurement and design can play a very large role. Works through the following specific examples to illustrate the importance of after, as the staff. Henan Provincial Highway 23 in Nanyang City Line to Bangladesh floor habitats Dengzhou secondary roads traversing alteration works, because it is the old GM, the measurement principle is to meet the regulatory requirements under the premise of using the old as much as possible. Easy to control the general line segment, and the Department in order to bend as much as possible along the old road on the bend radius must be a very suitable choice. We measured the key is: the people, as after the after, after, as, to turn the corner along the old release 5 ~ 6 bend radius control point, so Total Station to record the coordinates of points, so within the industry to deal with wires, the Department of these bend lines such as the use of design software in Haiti through the debug radius curves make as much as possible through these points. If both sides of a longer and a lot of flat curves Housing Department, later, as in the old curve measured 12 points to control the curve, including the industry deal with the position found in the complex curve is the best option to avoid the set caused by the demolition of a multi-radius curves and linear non-ideal errors.
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全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用
1.5 Wires should be noted that the issue of measurement
Total Station with the wire used to fight some of the areas in need of special attention, otherwise large errors may arise even lead to rework..
1） When the latter, as we must pay attention to people after the legislation, as the latter point of view and coordinate with the importation of equipment and take the points
Consistent standard, it is best to use walkie-talkie communications with each other like dots with a prism depending on the exhausted, the used equipment after the release point of view to see whether the same location, so that error probability can be reduced to a minimum. Henan Provincial Highway 48 in line Xixia throughout the wire measurement, as first-time coordinates, apparatus, aircraft operators will view the site and post the coordinates of the anti-lost, resulting in
Show map on your computer when the road at this location found that the 180 ° fold kok returned to make the work day has become work with no avail
2） Where possible, after the point of view from the plane farther from the site as possible, under normal circumstances, after the two sites and between the point of view
Put up a station should not be less than the distance to the distance between the measuring point, so to ensure accuracy.
3） In the measurement of coordinates do not bring down the mirror, because the whole point
Miriam core essence of the coordinates of law or by the declination, the distance obtained internal calculation by the total station data processing modules are converted into coordinates, so bring down the mirror coordinate system is equivalent to rotating the whole 180 °, that is to say less biased angle of 180 °, the result of course is wrong.
4） Total height measurement has its limitations, the measurement error of the main elevation of the observation error for the vertical angle, ranging error, apparatus, high
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全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用
With high measurement error of the prism, which is three kinds of errors in vertical angle observation the impact of the error the most, only to take appropriate measures to improve the accuracy of observation, such as the use of spy license allowed the goal to replace the prism as the appropriate measure to increase the number of short-distance transmission of elevation, carefully check the amount of high equipment and higher prism. Under normal circumstances, traversing the measuring point in the elevation values for reference only, and can not be used as the standard of measurement.
2 Total Station in the center line Measurement
2.1put up a station in the location of choice
As far as possible to select those higher, depending on the conditions of a good pass, you can see more points in the online position. We have just started using Total Station, when not paid much attention to this point, the results tend to move off station More, not only affect the progress, but also accuracy. Especially in mountainous areas, such as on top of a mountain we can see a few kilometers around the location in the pile, and along both sides of the road often requires several stations put uo a station can only be deposited end of this set up the center line. Another example is the middle of the mountains edge streamlet actinomycete line, as the horizontal alignment is often not ideal, many hills to block line of sight, always need to stop several times to move, if we choose to route the other side of the river the mountain, The ground floor or the roof of the residents do, such as the location for put up a station can be highly effective.
2.2 points fewer processing
Total Station, as the barrier encountered by the laying of the center line, in the case of small points should be taken from the machines can see the most recent release Points (generally not in the line of points) for the reference approach. Routes in the mountains and the obstacles were more buildings, and sometimes moving equipment will take a 12 point move is often no longer the other stations, But with the mobile reference point and reference point for measuring a combination of methods, each has made to save time,
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