Unit 2 必背系列3 1. Throughout history/ the year/ the world 2. confusing rules
a confused look
confuse sb. =make sb. confused 3. be made up of = consist of
make up 组成，化妆，弥补，占据，编造，和解 4. with the development of… 5. create v.
creator n. 创造者 creation n. 创造
creative adj. 有创造力的 creativity n. 创造力 6. contribute to sth/ doing sth
①促成，有助于,是…的原因之一
Proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. ②捐献，捐助 （= make contributions to）
The writer personally contributed ￡5000 to the earthquake fund.那位作家亲自捐赠了5000英镑给地震基金会。 ③投稿
He contributed an article to magazine. 7.take control of : be in control of lose control of
be under control 得到控制 be in the control of sb.
8. replace = take the place of 取代
be replaced with /by 9. rule vt. 统治 n.排除
rule out the possibility that 排除…的可能性 10. despite= in spite of (prep.)+ n/ving 尽管 though/although(conj.)+句子
Despite/ In spite of his age, he still lives an active life. Though he is old, he still lives an active life. 11. raise vt.
1) 饲养，抚养 raise animals 2) 抬起，举起 raise one’s hand 3）筹集，征集 raise money 4) 提高 raise one’s voice
rise ---rose ---risen vi. 上升，升起；起身；上涨 12. depend on =count on rely on 依赖/取决于 depend on sb. to do 指望某人做某事
That depends.= It all depends. 视情况而定。 13. promise to do/sb. sth./ sth. to sb. (vi.＆vt.) n. make a promise 许下一个诺言
keep one’s promise break one’s promise
Father made a promise that if I pass the exam, he would buy me a bike. 14. have difficulty/ trouble (in)doing
15. disagree with sb. 不同意某人的观点；（天气，食物）不适合某人 disagree to do sth. 不同意做某事 disagree on/ about 对…持有不同意见 He disagrees with his parents on most things. 16. ban---- banned----banned
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ban sb. from doing
forbid sb. to do/ from doing sth. 17. spread ----spread----spread n. the sperad of …传播 18. differ from 与…不同 differ in 在... 方面不同 be different from...
19. conbine A with /and B 把A和B结合 20. originally original origin n. 起源 21. as a whole 作为整体，总体上 On the whole 总的说来，大体上
On the whole, I’m in favor of the idea.大体说来， 我赞成这个想法。 As a whole, the art festival will be great for our city.
这次艺术节对城市是意义重大的。 22. opposite n./adj.
White and black are opposites. (n.) 相反的事物
What’s the opposite of heavy? 重的反义词是什么？ on the opposite side of the road 在路的对面 23. pronounce v. pronunciation n. 24. upper class middle class lower class 25. adopt 领养 adopt a child 采纳
26. look up the wold in the dictionary
look up at 抬头看 look up to sb. 尊敬 look down upon 瞧不起 look into 调查 look out for =watch out for look back 回顾 27. standard English 标准英语 standard time 标准时间 standard of living 生活水平
set a standard for 为…设立一个标准 28. feel easy
feel at ease with 感到自在
29. have access to sth/ doing sth有接近…的机会 30. represent： stand for 代表
31. take action/ measures/steps to do 采取行动 32. physical activity 体育活动 physical education 体育 33. in prison go to prison
34. the chemical symbol 化学符号 a symbol of purity 纯洁的象征 重点句型：
1.What I always dreamt of has come true. 我一直梦想的实现了。（主语从句）
2.The question is what if I still can't understand the meanings. 问题是如果我不能理解意思怎么办。（①表语从句②what if 如果…怎么办） 3.I was surprised to find out that there are four official languages spoken there. 我惊讶地发现那里说四种官方语言。（①that 引导宾语从句②注意there be 句型中的spoken there）
4.The question of whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. 是否英语在将来会继续变化的问题是容易回答的。（of前后同位关系） 5.Not all characters are used to describe objects. =All characters are not used to describe objects.
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并不是所有的文字都用来描述物体。（not all…=all… not）
6.In fact, it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. 事实上,如果我们今天听到,肯定不能理解。（①在形式主语句子中不能用sure②虚拟语气） 7.When speaking English, we sometimes find it hard to decide which words or phrases to use. 当讲英语的时候，我们发现很难决定使用哪些词和短语。（①when的简略从句②it 形式宾语）
8. The English language is made up of the rules and vocabulary each group of people brought to Britain with them. 句中each group of people brought to Britain with them是定语从句，修饰the rules and vocabulary
9. many factors contributed to the development of this new type of English. (contributed to “有助于、是…的原因之一)
Module3 Unit 2
1. in the broad sense 从广义上说
in a way 从某种意义上说 1. stand for 代表
stand out 站出来；杰出，出色 2. inform sb of/about 告知某人某事
remind/warn /rob/cure/convince sb of sth
keep sb well informed of 及时告知某人某事 3. That’s why +表结果的句子 这是……的原因
This is why English is a language with so many confusing rules. This is because +原因的句子 这是……因为
This is because many pairs of words and phrases have similar meanings in English. 4. mix…with… 把……与……混合 mix up A with B… 把A与B混淆
5. bring sth with sb= bring with sb sth 随身携带……
They brought with them language, which also mixed with Anglo-Saxon.
bring sth to sb (brought-brought) 把……带给…… 6. find it + adj to do sth
I find it hard to deal with him.
8. It is certain that … 可以肯定的是…… It is certain that this process will continue. 9.take…into consideration 把……考虑进来
10. have a word with sb = speak to sb 和某人交谈 have words with sb = quarral with sb 和某人吵架 in a word 总之一句话 in other words 换句话说 11. sort out 整理；分类
12. due to/ owing to/because of /as a result of 由于 thanks to 多亏于
13. there is no need to do sth 没有必要做…….
there is no point /sense (in) doing sth 做…….没有意义 There is no need to say sorry.
There is no point/sense in talking with him. 14. in addition/what’s more/besides 除此之外 15. in a word 总之
16. be less likely to do 不那么可能做……. They will be less likely to upset anyone.
17. concentrate on =focus on 专注于，集中注意力于……
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18. in that 由于
She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her. 19. change over time 随着时间改变
20. develop (from…) into 由……发展成……. 21. turn into 变成
22. sth come into wide use= sth be widely used… …….开始被广泛使用 23. 部分否定：
A．在一个句子中，not 与不定代词all, both, every, each.及every的复合词连用，表示部分否定。
Not al the ants go out for food.
Not both of them are inerested in reading this book.
B.不定代词all, both, every, each及every的复合词作主语，谓语动词用否定时，也构成部分否定。
Both of his parents are not doctors.
全部否定:以上词语的全部否定形式主要通过none of, neither of, nobody, nothing等否定词构成。
Neither of us heard the news. Neither of his parents is a doctor.
24. in the 1950s/1950’s 在二十世纪五十年代 in his thirties 在他三十几岁时
重点句型
1.Braille, invented by a Frenchman, is a language for blind people. 2.All creatures, including animals and insects, can ‘talk’.
3.Despite this fact, French still had an impact on the English language. 4.Even today, where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.. 5.There many different dialects of English depending on where people live. 6.I believe that there are a lot of measures we could take to solve this problem.
7.A standard was first set for the English language when Henry VII was King of England. ( set a standard for )
亨利七世当国王时，首次为英语设定了一个标准。
8.Today, the spread of ‘ borrowed words’ is due to easily accessed television and radio programmes from across the world, and the Internet.
今天， 世界各地都可以方便地收看收听电视、广播节目，还有因特网的普及，使得外来词广为传播。
9.The Chinese language differs from many Western language in that it uses charaters which have meanings and can stand alone as words.
汉语与很多西方语言不同之处在于汉语使用的基本单位本身就具有意义，可以独立成词。 10.These shapes or pictures were the very first Chinese characters. 这些形状或图画就是最初的的汉字。
11.There are many other examples reflecting the development of Chinese writing. 还有很多其他的能够反映汉字演变过程的例子。
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